regulation

Homeostasis and regulation of autoreactive B cells




regulation

Dynamic regulation of Z-DNA in the mouse prefrontal cortex by the RNA-editing enzyme Adar1 is required for fear extinction




regulation

The regulation and functions of DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes




regulation

‘Essential’ cannabis businesses: Strategies for regulation in a time of widespread crisis

Most state governors and cannabis regulators were underprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, a crisis is affecting every economic sector. But because the legal cannabis industry is relatively new in most places and still evolving everywhere, the challenges are even greater. What’s more, there is no history that could help us understand how the industry will endure the current economic situation. And so, in many…

       




regulation

Six COVID-related deregulations to watch

The Trump administration has undertaken a series of deregulatory measures to address various challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Brookings’ Center on Regulation and Markets is actively tracking these actions alongside the administration’s broader deregulatory agenda. We asked scholars from the Brookings Economic Studies Program for their thoughts on some of the most impactful COVID-related deregulations to date. What do these rules entail, and how do the measures,…

      




regulation

Tracking deregulation in the Trump era

The Trump administration has major deregulatory ambitions. But how much deregulation is actually happening? This tracker helps you monitor a selection of delayed, repealed, and new rules, notable guidance and policy revocations, and important court battles across eight major categories, including environmental, health, labor, and more. For a more thorough explanation of the tracker, including…

       




regulation

Six COVID-related deregulations to watch

The Trump administration has undertaken a series of deregulatory measures to address various challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Brookings’ Center on Regulation and Markets is actively tracking these actions alongside the administration’s broader deregulatory agenda. We asked scholars from the Brookings Economic Studies Program for their thoughts on some of the most impactful COVID-related deregulations to date. What do these rules entail, and how do the measures,…

       




regulation

Updating communications law and regulations for the mobile era


Event Information

March 24, 2015
10:00 AM - 11:00 AM EDT

Saul Room/Zilkha Lounge
Brookings Institution
1775 Massachusetts Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20036

Register for the Event

The last time policymakers substantially reviewed federal communications policy, it was the early 1990s. At that time, the Internet was only beginning to reveal itself to be the dynamic technology seen today. Mobile devices and services, such as 100 megabit broadband, smartphones, applications, social networks, tablets, and digital streaming, were barely imagined, let alone factored into policy discussions. As the recent debate around net neutrality highlights, policymakers today can be hamstrung in efforts to fit today's communications technologies and services into last century's communications law. Given that most major communications laws are out of step with today’s advanced mobile capabilities, what shape would smart, updated legislation and regulatory changes take? What are the major changes to U.S. communications law that most need to be addressed and implemented?

On March 24, the Center for Technology Innovation at Brookings hosted a conversation with Craig Silliman, general counsel and executive vice president for public policy at Verizon, to examine what 21st century communications polices might look like.

Video

Audio

Transcript

Event Materials

     
 
 




regulation

Campaign finance regulation in Latin America


The use of economic resources to support election campaigns is an essential ingredient of democratic competition. Often viewed as a malady of democracy, campaign finance is actually part of the normal workings of democratic life. However, it is indisputable that money is capable of inflicting significant distortions on politics and policymaking. When there is a failure to regulate money in the political process or existing regulation is ineffectual, the legitimacy of democratic processes can be jeopardized.

These concerns are particularly relevant to Latin America, a region plagued by a highly unequal income distribution, and where organized crime has a major presence, transacts billions of dollars each year in illicit business, and has the potential to corrupt democratic institutions. In this policy brief, Kevin Casas-Zamora and Daniel Zovatto offer practical guidance for making campaign finance regulation feasible and increasing its likelihood of success. In undertaking reform, countries should prioritize the most urgently needed changes with the broadest political consensus. Proposals for reform include:

• Establish greater control over private funding of parties and election campaigns;

• Create a public subsidy system to ensure fair access for parties and candidates to adequate funding to finance both regular day-to-day operations and election campaigns;

• Adopt mechanisms to keep campaign spending from skyrocketing;

• Craft party and candidate reporting systems to increase accountability, transparency, and disclosure; and

• Establish a graduated and credible system of sanctions for the chief financial officers of political parties in the event of violations of the rules in force.

Downloads

Image Source: © STRINGER Mexico / Reuters
      
 
 




regulation

Campaign finance regulation in Latin America


The use of economic resources to support election campaigns is an essential ingredient of democratic competition. Often viewed as a malady of democracy, campaign finance is actually part of the normal workings of democratic life. However, it is indisputable that money is capable of inflicting significant distortions on politics and policymaking. When there is a failure to regulate money in the political process or existing regulation is ineffectual, the legitimacy of democratic processes can be jeopardized.

These concerns are particularly relevant to Latin America, a region plagued by a highly unequal income distribution, and where organized crime has a major presence, transacts billions of dollars each year in illicit business, and has the potential to corrupt democratic institutions. In this policy brief, Kevin Casas-Zamora and Daniel Zovatto offer practical guidance for making campaign finance regulation feasible and increasing its likelihood of success. In undertaking reform, countries should prioritize the most urgently needed changes with the broadest political consensus. Proposals for reform include:

• Establish greater control over private funding of parties and election campaigns;

• Create a public subsidy system to ensure fair access for parties and candidates to adequate funding to finance both regular day-to-day operations and election campaigns;

• Adopt mechanisms to keep campaign spending from skyrocketing;

• Craft party and candidate reporting systems to increase accountability, transparency, and disclosure; and

• Establish a graduated and credible system of sanctions for the chief financial officers of political parties in the event of violations of the rules in force.

Downloads

Image Source: © STRINGER Mexico / Reuters
     
 
 




regulation

Cuba moves backwards: New regulations likely to impede private sector growth

In a leap backwards, the Cuban government has published a massive compendium of tough new regulations governing the island’s struggling private enterprises. The new regulations—the first major policy pronouncement during the administration of President Miguel Díaz-Canel—appear more focused on controlling and restricting the emerging private sector than on stimulating investment and job creation, more concerned…

       




regulation

‘Essential’ cannabis businesses: Strategies for regulation in a time of widespread crisis

Most state governors and cannabis regulators were underprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, a crisis is affecting every economic sector. But because the legal cannabis industry is relatively new in most places and still evolving everywhere, the challenges are even greater. What’s more, there is no history that could help us understand how the industry will endure the current economic situation. And so, in many…

       




regulation

New Regulations Enhance Savers’ Retirement Security


Americans who use defined contribution retirement savings plans (for example, 401(k) or 403(b) plans) or Individual Retirement Accounts will see their retirement security enhanced by two recently announced regulatory initiatives. The first is a series of Treasury Department/IRS proposed regulations that such individuals to use annuity-like guaranteed lifetime income products. The second is a final Department of Labor rule requiring complete fee disclosure to employers sponsoring retirement saving plans. Together, the two initiatives will give current retirement savers and future retirees more flexibility in structuring their retirement incomes, while making it possible to avoid excessive or hidden fees.

Four Treasury/IRS proposals, which were developed under the leadership of our former RSP colleague Mark Iwry, deal with several of the most pressing issues faced by employers and savers that currently reduce the use of annuities. The first proposal would reduce barriers to giving retiring savers the option of annuitizing part of their account balances. Currently, people need to annuitize either the entire balance or none at all. People are naturally wary of annuitizing the entire amount because it leaves them with little in the way of a cash cushion for emergencies. By choosing to annuitize part of the balance, people can retain a lump sum for emergency or other purposes.

A second proposal would remove a technical impediment to using longevity annuities, an annuity that is typically purchased close to retirement but does not begin to pay benefit until the retiree reaches age 85 or a similar age. Longevity annuities enable retirees to manage their money for a set period of time, secure in the knowledge that the longevity annuity will provide income after that, should they live longer than expected.

The third proposal would allow an individual to begin to partially annuitize their savings well before retirement. Starting to annuitize early by buying small pieces of an annuity over twenty or so years allows the saver to avoid having to make a “once and for all” decision and allows the savers to spread out the interest rate risk over time. This option had been subject to a requirement that the saver get a notarized statement from his or her spouse (if any) concerning whether the annuity covers just the saver or both the saver and his or her spouse. The proposal allows this to be handled by the issuing insurer when payments would begin rather than when purchases begin.

The fourth proposal would apply to relatively rare case where the employer has both a retirement savings plan and a traditional defined benefit pension, and would allow an employee to buy a low-cost annuity through the employer’s DB pension.

These four regulatory changes are positive developments. The changes announced today eliminate unintentional barriers to the use of lifetime income products without dictating how individuals should use them. Some may choose to partially annuitize at retirement, some to use longevity annuities to protect them in later years, and some to begin to buy annuities well before retirement. Whatever the choice, the proposals open up new options to future retirees, and should encourage even more market innovations.

At about the same time, the Department of Labor released final regulations requiring providers to disclose all direct and indirect fees to the employer sponsoring a 401(k) plan. The regulations will add needed transparency on fees that will enable increased competition to produce better results for employers and employees.

Despite removing a required template of charges, the new regulations nevertheless give employers a complete and accurate picture of all charges they have to pay, including indirect fees paid by the provider to others. Currently, many indirect fees are not disclosed even though they may reduce the earnings of participants. Endorsed by industry and consumer groups, the disclosures will enable employers who use this information properly to meet their fiduciary responsibility to choose a responsible fee level. What is even more important, the full disclosure will enable employers to structure their 401(k) plan so that individual savers can get the best returns possible, and not be subject to unreasonable fees.

While much more remains to be done to improve retirement savings plan, the steps taken by the proposed Treasury/IRS regulations and the Department of Labor’s final regulations will help savers to improve retirement security.

Image Source: © Rebecca Cook / Reuters
     
 
 




regulation

‘Essential’ cannabis businesses: Strategies for regulation in a time of widespread crisis

Most state governors and cannabis regulators were underprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, a crisis is affecting every economic sector. But because the legal cannabis industry is relatively new in most places and still evolving everywhere, the challenges are even greater. What’s more, there is no history that could help us understand how the industry will endure the current economic situation. And so, in many…

       




regulation

Why we have regulations: So people don't get buried in molasses

100 years ago the Great Molasses Flood started another flood, one of regulations to protect people's health and safety.




regulation

Fans manufacturers who tout their products' energy efficiency fight energy efficiency regulations

Normally you can't have it both ways, unless you have a member of congress in your pocket.




regulation

Supreme Court disagrees with EPA's process in mercury regulations

A cost-benefit analysis seems appropriate for any major regulation -- but at what point in the process?




regulation

EPA proposes change to cost benefit analysis with major potential to reduce regulation

Reducing the benefits they can count will reduce the number of regulations that pass the cost-benefit analysis phase of regulation




regulation

Oil pipeline regulation is broken, admits US top oil pipeline regulator

In a shocking exclusive report, Marcus Stern and Sebastian Jones at InsideClimate News write that the top official of the agency that regulates oil and gas pipelines recently admitted that he's essentially powerless as a regulator.




regulation

San Francisco Bay could become chemical soup without new regulations

An annual water-monitoring report focuses on "contaminants of emerging concern."




regulation

The biggest energy-saving regulation the U.S. has ever seen was released today

The new rule is expected to save Americans $167 billion in energy costs.




regulation

The "Stopping EPA Overreach Act" redefines what a pollutant is and stops regulation of greenhouse gases

This is beyond climate denial, it's science denial




regulation

City Rules: How Regulations Affect Urban Form (Book Review)

The title is deceptive; it is a real page-turner that will open your eyes to what really affects urban design.




regulation

Wisconsin Town Legally Prevented From Tightening Coal Ash Regulations

A town is prevented from creating regulations stricter than the state's rules, despite residents' concerns about groundwater contamination.




regulation

Environmental Groups Sue the EPA Over Delay on Coal Ash Regulations

The EPA pledged new regulations after the TVA coal ash spill, but has been sitting on two proposals for two years now, and the problems that led to TVA are still rampant nationwide.




regulation

American cosmetic regulations haven't been updated in 81 years

The United States lags behind more than 40 nations in banning or restricting chemicals for safety reasons.




regulation

One of Main Street's biggest fears in economic reopening — new regulations

As small businesses across the country grapple with economic reopening, one of their biggest fears is that new regulations will be a net negative for post-Covid-19 Main Street.




regulation

Draft regulations to amend Chartered Accountants Regulations, 1988 open for public comments

Draft regulations to amend Chartered Accountants Regulations, 1988 open for public comments...




regulation

Tax-News.com: IRS Issues Estate Tax Regulations

On November 22, 2019, the United States Internal Revenue Service issued final regulations confirming that individuals taking advantage of the increased gift and estate tax exclusion amounts in effect from 2018 to 2025 will not be adversely impacted after 2025 when the exclusion amount is scheduled to drop to pre-2018 levels.




regulation

Tax-News.com: IRS Issues Final Foreign Tax Credit Regulations

On December 2, 2019, the United States Internal Revenue Service issued final regulations on the foreign tax credit following major changes to the US tax code.




regulation

Natural Mood Regulation Low or Even Absent in People With Depression: Study

In people with depression, natural mood regulation is low or even absent, revealed research published today in JAMA Psychiatry, from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford.




regulation

Doctors in India Should Get Familiar With the Medical Council of India's Regulations on Medical Ethics

Doctors in India are governed by the regulations of Medical Council of India (MCI). MCI is an apex body that has reg




regulation

Tighter Regulations on Innovative Surgical Practices in Regenerative Medicine

The U.S. government strictly regulates the therapeutic use of human cell and tissue products. However, a specific exception allows surgeons to harvest,




regulation

Teaching Self-regulation for Kids: At Home, At School and With Autism

Self-regulation strategies can help kids adjust and control their emotions, behavior and body movements, reports a new study. As every teacher will




regulation

Is Content Regulation Really Necessary For Kids On Devices?

Parents have been found to monitor only the mobile usage time and not what the kids actually see in these devices. The Content also needs to regulated,




regulation

Slovenia: Boost investment and productivity through better skills and regulation

The Slovenian economy is rebounding after a long downturn, experiencing stronger growth, declining unemployment, healthier public finances and renewed income convergence with more advanced European economies. Further reforms are now needed to increase investment, boost productivity, improve living standards and ensure that all Slovenians benefit from inclusive growth, according to a new report from the OECD.




regulation

Workshop on regulation and competition in light of digitalisation

Paris, 31 January 2018: This workshop on regulation and competition in light of digitalisation allowed competition officials to share their experiences with existing regulations that have proved restrictive for digitalisation and started a discussion of how a competition assessment methodology can deal with the most common issues.




regulation

OECD Network Sector Regulation Indicators

OECD Network Sector Regulation Indicators




regulation

BEPS Action 13: Jurisdictions implement final regulations for first filings of CbC Reports, with over 1400 bilateral relationships now in place for the automatic exchange of CbC information

Today, a further important step was taken to implement Country-by-Country (CbC) Reporting in accordance with the BEPS Action 13 minimum standard, through activations of automatic exchange relationships under the Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement on the Exchange of CbC Reports ("the CbC MCAA").




regulation

OECD-Risklab-APG Workshop on pension fund regulation and long-term investment

Held in Amsterdam on 7 April 2014, this workshop focused on: long-term pension investment strategies under risk-based regulation; riskiness and pro-cyclicality in pension asset allocation; and, regulatory challenges for long-term illiquid assets.




regulation

OECD urges countries to harmonise clinical trial regulations to boost medical research and save lives

Increasingly complex and inconsistent clinical trial regulations are causing delays, raising costs and leading to a decline in the number of international trials conducted by academics for non-commerical purposes.




regulation

G20 Leaders Summit: Financial Regulation Session

At this Financial Regulation Session of the G20 Leaders Summit, M. Gurría spoke of 'a comprehensive reform of the international financial architecture that should include financial inclusion, protection and education'.




regulation

OECD-Risklab-APG Workshop on pension fund regulation and long-term investment

Held in Amsterdam on 7 April 2014, this workshop focused on: long-term pension investment strategies under risk-based regulation; riskiness and pro-cyclicality in pension asset allocation; and, regulatory challenges for long-term illiquid assets.




regulation

Currency-based measures targeting banks - Balancing national regulation of risk and financial openness

This paper reviews currency-based measures (CBMs) directed at banks in 49 countries between 2005 and 2013. These measures apply a discrimination, such as less favourable treatment, on the basis of the currency of an operation, typically foreign currencies. The new data shows that CBMs have been increasingly used in the post-crisis period, including for macro-prudential purposes.




regulation

International Seminar on Pension Supervision and Regulation 2018

23 February 2018, Dublin - This event focussed on how to build better retirement by ensuring value for money, implementing automatic enrolment and designing retirement pay-outs.




regulation

IOPS International Conference on Pension Supervision and Regulation 2019

7 March 2019 - The International Conference on Pension Supervision and Regulation this year will focus on Options for creating sustainable pension systems in emerging markets and will take place in New Delhi, India.




regulation

Annual Survey of Investment Regulation of Pension Funds

Each year, the OECD publishes a survey of the investment regulation of pension funds which describes the main quantitative investment regulations applied to pension funds in 77 economies. The survey questionnaire covers all types of pension plans financed via pension funds.




regulation

The prudential regulation of financial institutions: why regulatory responses to the crisis might not prove sufficient

This paper surveys recent international developments concerning the prudential regulation of financial institutions: banks, the shadow banking system and insurance companies. It concludes that, while substantial progress has been made, the global economy nevertheless remains vulnerable to possible future financial instability.




regulation

The heterogeneity of product market regulations

This paper is making use of the OECD product market regulation (PMR) database to measure the heterogeneity of product market regulation across countries for the whole economy, for the main subcomponents of the PMR indicator and for the internet economy.




regulation

The 2013 update of the OECD’s database on product market regulation – policy insights for OECD and non-OECD countries

This paper investigates patterns in product market regulation across 34 OECD and 21 non-OECD countries, using an updated and revised version of the OECD’s indicators of product market regulation (PMR).