nc READ: The Derek Chauvin Sentencing Decision By www.scpr.org Published On :: Fri, 25 Jun 2021 15:40:10 -0700 Hennepin County Judge Peter Cahill sentenced former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin to 22 1/2 years in prison for the murder of George Floyd.; Credit: /Court TV via AP Laurel Wamsley | NPR Updated June 25, 2021 at 4:41 PM ET A Minnesota judge sentenced former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin to 22 1/2 years in prison Friday for the murder of George Floyd. Judge Peter Cahill wrote that part of the mission of the Minneapolis Police Department is to give citizens "voice and respect." "Mr. Chauvin, rather than pursuing the MPD mission, treated Mr. Floyd without respect and denied him the dignity owed to all human beings and which he certainly would have extended to a friend or neighbor. In the Court's view, 270 months, which amounts to an additional ten years over the presumptive 150-month sentence, is the appropriate sentence." Read Cahill's entire sentencing order and memoradum for Chauvin below. Chauvin, 45, was convicted in April of all three charges he faced — second-degree unintentional murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter. He was sentenced only on the first of the charges, the most serious, as is typical in Minnesota. Cahill said Chauvin's crime included four aggravating factors: that Derek Chauvin abused a position of trust and authority as a police officer, that he treated Floyd with "particular cruelty," that he committed the crime as part of a group with at least three other people, and that children were present during the commission of the offense. Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. This content is from Southern California Public Radio. View the original story at SCPR.org. Full Article
nc Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet - A Comparison of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Substances By Published On :: Thu, 15 Feb 1996 06:00:00 GMT Cancer-causing chemicals that occur naturally in foods are far more numerous in the human diet than synthetic carcinogens, yet both types are consumed at levels so low that they currently appear to pose little threat to human health, a committee of the National Research Council said in a report released today. Full Article
nc The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence By Published On :: Thu, 02 May 1996 04:00:00 GMT While confirming that the science behind DNA forensics is valid, a new report from a committee of the National Research Council recommends new ways of interpreting DNA evidence to help answer a key question for jurors -- how likely it is that two matching samples came from different people. Full Article
nc Radon, Especially in Combination With Smoking, Contributes to Lung Cancer Deaths By Published On :: Thu, 19 Feb 1998 06:00:00 GMT Smokers who are exposed to radon appear to be at even greater risk for lung cancer, because the effects of smoking and radon are more powerful when the two factors are combined, says a new report by a committee of the National Research Council. Full Article
nc Adults Need to Increase Intake of Folate - Some Women Should Take More By Published On :: Tue, 07 Apr 1998 05:00:00 GMT Women who might become pregnant need 400 micrograms of folic acid per day to reduce their risk of having a child with neural tube defects, according to the latest report on Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) from the Institute of Medicine. Full Article
nc Learning About Evolution Critical for Understanding Science By Published On :: Thu, 09 Apr 1998 05:00:00 GMT Many public school students receive little or no exposure to the theory of evolution, the most important concept in understanding biology, says a new guidebook from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Full Article
nc Statement of the Council of the NAS Regarding Global Change Petition By Published On :: Mon, 20 Apr 1998 05:00:00 GMT The Council of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is concerned about the confusion caused by a petition being circulated via a letter from a former president of this Academy. Full Article
nc Antibiotic Use in Food Animals Contributes to Microbe Resistance By Published On :: Thu, 09 Jul 1998 05:00:00 GMT Bacteria that resist antibiotics can be passed from food animals to humans, but not enough is known to determine the public health risks posed by such transmission, says a new report by a committee of the National Research Council. Full Article
nc Science-Based, Unified Approach Needed To Safeguard the Nations Food Supply By Published On :: Thu, 20 Aug 1998 05:00:00 GMT Outdated food safety laws and a fragmented federal structure serve as barriers to improving protection of the nations food supply from contamination or other hazards, according to Ensuring Safe Food From Production to Consumption. Full Article
nc Opening Statements by John Benson and Stanley Watson on Marijuana and Medicine - Assessing the Science Base By Published On :: Wed, 17 Mar 1999 06:00:00 GMT Good morning and welcome. There has been unprecedented interest in recent years about whether marijuana or its constituent compounds should be used as medicine. Since 1996, voters in seven states have approved the medical use of marijuana. Full Article
nc New Report Proposes Framework To Encourage Fluency With Information Technology By Published On :: Thu, 08 Apr 1999 05:00:00 GMT The explosive growth of information technology is having a profound impact on our lives. Full Article
nc Research Needed to Reduce Scientific Uncertainty About Effects of Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment By Published On :: Tue, 03 Aug 1999 05:00:00 GMT Although there is evidence of harmful health and ecological effects associated with exposure to high doses of chemicals known as hormonally active agents – or endocrine disrupters – little is understood about the harm posed by exposure to the substances at low concentrations, such as those that typically exist in the environment, says a new report from a National Research Council committee. Full Article
nc New Waste Incinerators Safer But Some Emissions and Health Concerns Need Further Study By Published On :: Wed, 13 Oct 1999 05:00:00 GMT Incineration is widely used in the United States to reduce the volume of waste. Hundreds of incinerators -- including industrial kilns, boilers, and furnaces -- combust municipal and hazardous waste, while many more are used to burn medical waste. Full Article
nc Allowable Levels of Copper in Drinking Water Should Not Be Increased Until Studies Are Done By Published On :: Thu, 02 Mar 2000 06:00:00 GMT The federal government should not increase the maximum level of copper allowed in drinking water, because higher levels could lead to liver poisoning in infants and children with certain genetic disorders. Full Article
nc Antioxidants Role in Chronic Disease Prevention Still Uncertain - Huge Doses Considered Risky By Published On :: Mon, 10 Apr 2000 05:00:00 GMT Insufficient evidence exists to support claims that taking megadoses of dietary antioxidants, such as selenium and vitamins C and E, or carotenoids, including beta-carotene, can prevent chronic diseases, says the latest report on Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) from the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Full Article
nc Advances in Biotechnology Show Promise For Improving Army Readiness, Soldier Survival By Published On :: Wed, 20 Jun 2001 05:00:00 GMT Recent strides in biotechnology offer the promise of new and innovative applications -- from edible vaccines to protein-based electronics components. Full Article
nc Messages of Condolence and Support From Representatives of Academies and Research Institutions in the Wake of Attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon By Published On :: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 04:00:00 GMT Representatives from academies and research organizations around the world sent messages of condolence and support to members, officials and staff of the U.S. National Academies in the wake of terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The following are excerpts from some of these messages. Full Article
nc Minorities More Likely to Receive Lower-Quality Health Care, Regardless of Income and Insurance Coverage By Published On :: Wed, 20 Mar 2002 06:00:00 GMT Racial and ethnic minorities tend to receive lower-quality health care than whites do, even when insurance status, income, age, and severity of conditions are comparable. Full Article
nc More Data Needed to Determine if Contaminated Polio Vaccine From 1955-1963 Causes Cancer in Adults Today By Published On :: Tue, 22 Oct 2002 05:00:00 GMT Scientific evidence is insufficient to prove or disprove the theory that exposure to polio vaccine contaminated with a monkey virus between 1955 and 1963 has triggered cancer in humans, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Full Article
nc U.S. Loses up to $130 Billion Annually as Result of Poor Health, Early Death Due to Lack of Insurance By Published On :: Tue, 17 Jun 2003 05:00:00 GMT The value of what the United States loses because of the poorer health and earlier death experienced by the 41 million Americans who lack health insurance is estimated to be $65 billion to $130 billion every year, according to a first-ever economic analysis of the costs of uninsurance for society overall. Full Article
nc Relationships, Rigor, and Relevance - The Three Rs of Engaging Students in Urban High Schools By Published On :: Tue, 02 Dec 2003 06:00:00 GMT High schools that successfully engage students in learning have many things in common. Full Article
nc Indoor Mold, Building Dampness Linked to Respiratory Problems and Require Better Prevention - Evidence Does Not Support Links to Wider Array of Illnesses By Published On :: Tue, 25 May 2004 04:00:00 GMT Scientific evidence links mold and other factors related to damp conditions in homes and buildings to asthma symptoms in some people with the chronic disorder, as well as to coughing, wheezing, and upper respiratory tract symptoms in otherwise healthy people, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Full Article
nc Data on Firearms and Violence Too Weak to Settle Policy Debates - Comprehensive Research Effort Needed By Published On :: Thu, 16 Dec 2004 06:00:00 GMT The role of guns in U.S. society is a subject of intense policy debate and disagreement. Full Article
nc EPA Standard for Fluoride in Drinking Water Is Not Protective - Tooth Enamel Loss, Bone Fractures of Concern at High Levels By Published On :: Wed, 22 Mar 2006 06:00:00 GMT The U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys standard for the maximum amount of fluoride allowed in drinking water -- 4 milligrams of fluoride per liter of water -- does not protect against adverse health effects. Full Article
nc High Confidence That Planet Is Warmest in 400 Years - Less Confidence in Temperature Reconstructions Prior to 1600 By Published On :: Thu, 22 Jun 2006 05:00:00 GMT There is sufficient evidence from tree rings, boreholes, retreating glaciers, and other proxies of past surface temperatures to say with a high level of confidence that the last few decades of the 20th century were warmer than any comparable period in the last 400 years, according to a new report from the National Research Council. Full Article
nc Data Suggest a Possible Association Between Agent Orange Exposure and Hypertension, But the Evidence Is Limited By Published On :: Fri, 27 Jul 2007 05:00:00 GMT A new report from the Institute of Medicine finds suggestive but limited evidence that exposure to Agent Orange and other herbicides used during the Vietnam War is associated with an increased chance of developing high blood pressure in some veterans. Full Article
nc Scientific Evidence Supporting Evolution Continues To Grow - Nonscientific Approaches Do Not Belong In Science Classrooms By Published On :: Thu, 03 Jan 2008 06:00:00 GMT The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and Institute of Medicine (IOM) today released SCIENCE, EVOLUTION, AND CREATIONISM, a book designed to give the public a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of the current scientific understanding of evolution and its importance in the science classroom. Full Article
nc Ten Questions Shaping 21st-Century Earth Science Identified By Published On :: Wed, 12 Mar 2008 05:00:00 GMT Ten questions driving the geological and planetary sciences were identified today in a new report by the National Research Council. Full Article
nc New Report on Science Learning at Museums, Zoos, Other Informal Settings By Published On :: Wed, 14 Jan 2009 06:00:00 GMT Each year, tens of millions of Americans, young and old, choose to learn about science in informal ways -- by visiting museums and aquariums, attending after-school programs, pursuing personal hobbies, and watching TV documentaries, for example. Full Article
nc Badly Fragmented Forensic Science System Needs Overhaul - Evidence to Support Reliability of Many Techniques is Lacking By Published On :: Wed, 18 Feb 2009 06:00:00 GMT A congressionally mandated report from the National Research Council finds serious deficiencies in the nations forensic science system and calls for major reforms and new research. Full Article
nc Report Updates Guidelines On How Much Weight Women Should Gain During Pregnancy - Calls On Health Care Providers To Help Women Achieve A Healthy Weight Before And During Pregnancy By Published On :: Thu, 28 May 2009 04:00:00 GMT A growing amount of scientific evidence indicates that how much weight women gain during pregnancy and their starting weight at conception can affect their health and that of their babies, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council. Full Article
nc Scientific Evidence Of Health Problems From Past Contamination Of Drinking Water At Camp Lejeune Is Limited And Unlikely To Be Resolved With Further Study By Published On :: Sat, 13 Jun 2009 05:00:00 GMT Evidence exists that people who lived or worked at Camp Lejeune Marine Base in North Carolina between the 1950s and 1985 were exposed to the industrial solvents tricholorethylene (TCE) or perchloroethylene (PCE) in their water supply, but strong scientific evidence is not available to determine whether health problems among those exposed are due to the contaminants, says a new report from the National Research Council. Full Article
nc Eleven Questions for the Next Decade of Geographical Sciences Identified By Published On :: Thu, 25 Mar 2010 05:00:00 GMT Eleven questions that should shape the next decade of geographical sciences research were identified today in a new report by the National Research Council. Full Article
nc Health Care Reform and Increased Patient Needs Require Transformation of Nursing Profession By Published On :: Tue, 05 Oct 2010 05:00:00 GMT Nurses roles, responsibilities, and education should change significantly to meet the increased demand for care that will be created by health care reform and to advance improvements in Americas increasingly complex health system, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine. Full Article
nc Science Alone Does Not Establish Source of Anthrax Used in 2001 Mailings By Published On :: Tue, 15 Feb 2011 06:00:00 GMT A National Research Council committee asked to examine the scientific approaches used and conclusions reached by the Federal Bureau of Investigation during its investigation of the 2001 Bacillus anthracis mailings has determined that it is not possible to reach a definitive conclusion about the origins of the anthrax in letters mailed to New York City and Washington, D.C., based solely on the available scientific evidence. Full Article
nc Current Test-Based Incentive Programs Have Not Consistently Raised Student Achievement in U.S. - Improved Approaches Should Be Developed and Evaluated By Published On :: Thu, 26 May 2011 04:00:00 GMT Despite being used for several decades, test-based incentives have not consistently generated positive effects on student achievement, says a new report from the National Research Council. Full Article
nc Report Offers New Framework to Guide K-12 Science Education, Calls for Shift in the Way Science Is Taught in U.S. By Published On :: Tue, 19 Jul 2011 05:00:00 GMT A report released today by the National Research Council presents a new framework for K-12 science education that identifies the key scientific ideas and practices all students should learn by the end of high school. Full Article
nc Evidence Inconclusive About Long-Term Health Effects of Exposure to Military Burn Pits By Published On :: Mon, 31 Oct 2011 05:00:00 GMT Insufficient data on service members exposures to emissions from open-air burn pits for trash on military bases in Iraq and Afghanistan is one of the reasons why it is not possible to say whether these emissions could cause long-term health effects, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine. Full Article
nc Raising Minimum Age to Buy Cigarettes to at Least 21 Will Reduce Smoking Prevalence and Save Lives, Says IOM By Published On :: Thu, 15 Mar 2012 05:00:00 GMT Increasing the minimum age of legal access (MLA) to tobacco products will prevent or delay initiation of tobacco use by adolescents and young adults, particularly those ages 15 to 17, and improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine. Full Article
nc Transferable Knowledge and Skills Key to Success in Education and Work - Report Calls for Efforts to Incorporate Deeper Learning Into Curriculum By Published On :: Tue, 10 Jul 2012 05:00:00 GMT Educational and business leaders want todays students both to master school subjects and to excel in areas such as problem solving, critical thinking, and communication Full Article
nc Juvenile Justice Reforms Should Incorporate Science of Adolescent Development By Published On :: Tue, 13 Nov 2012 06:00:00 GMT Legal responses to juvenile offending should be grounded in scientific knowledge about adolescent development and tailored to an individual offenders needs and social environment, says a new report from the National Research Council. Full Article
nc Americans Have Worse Health Than People in Other High-Income Countries - Health Disadvantage Is Pervasive Across Age and Socio-Economic Groups By Published On :: Wed, 09 Jan 2013 06:00:00 GMT On average, Americans die sooner and experience higher rates of disease and injury than people in other high-income countries, says a new report from the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. Full Article
nc President Obama Stresses Importance of Science and Technology to the Nations Future in Address at 150th Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences By Published On :: Mon, 29 Apr 2013 05:00:00 GMT President Barack Obama reiterated his strong support for science and technology today in a speech to members of the National Academy of Sciences at its 150th annual meeting. Full Article
nc New Report Identifies Research Priorities for Most Pressing Gun Violence Problems in U.S. By Published On :: Wed, 05 Jun 2013 05:00:00 GMT A new report from the Institute of Medicine and National Research Council proposes priorities for a research agenda to improve understanding of the public health aspects of gun-related violence, including its causes, health burden, and possible interventions. Full Article
nc Extensive Study on Concussions in Youth Sports Finds Culture of Resistance for Self-Reporting Injury - Not Enough Evidence to Support Claim That Helmets Reduce Concussion Risk By Published On :: Wed, 30 Oct 2013 05:00:00 GMT Young athletes in the U.S. face a culture of resistance to reporting when they might have a concussion and to complying with treatment plans. Full Article
nc U.S. National Academy of Sciences, U.K. Royal Society Release Joint Publication on Climate Change By Published On :: Thu, 27 Feb 2014 06:00:00 GMT The U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society, the national science academy of the U.K., released a joint publication today in Washington, D.C., that explains the clear evidence that humans are causing the climate to change, and that addresses a variety of other key questions commonly asked about climate change science. Full Article
nc U.S. Should Significantly Reduce Rate of Incarceration - Unprecedented Rise in Prison Population ‘Not Serving the Country Well,’ Says New Report By Published On :: Wed, 30 Apr 2014 04:00:00 GMT Given the minimal impact of long prison sentences on crime prevention and the negative social consequences and burdensome financial costs of U.S. incarceration rates, which have more than quadrupled in the last four decades, the nation should revise current criminal justice policies to significantly reduce imprisonment rates, says a new report from the National Research Council. Full Article
nc Linda Aiken, Whose Research Revealed the Importance of Nursing in Patient Outcomes, Receives Institute of Medicine’s 2014 Lienhard Award By Published On :: Mon, 20 Oct 2014 05:00:00 GMT The Institute of Medicine today presented the Gustav O. Lienhard Award to Linda Aiken, Claire M. Fagin Leadership Professor of Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, for her rigorous research demonstrating the importance of nursing care and work environments in achieving safe, effective, patient-centered, and affordable health care. Full Article
nc Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Is a Legitimate Disease That Needs Proper Diagnosis and Treatment, Says IOM Report Identifies Five Symptoms to Diagnose Disease By Published On :: Tue, 10 Feb 2015 05:00:00 GMT Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome -- commonly referred to as ME/CFS -- is a legitimate, serious, and complex systemic disease that frequently and dramatically limits the activities of affected individuals, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine. Full Article
nc National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Medicine Announce Initiative on Human Gene Editing By Published On :: Mon, 18 May 2015 04:00:00 GMT The National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine are launching a major initiative to guide decision making about controversial new research involving human gene editing. Full Article