sport

The Case for Continuing School Sports Remotely

Coaches can still help students find the benefits of youth athletics remotely, writes principal Patrick Burke.




sport

Start date for high-risk winter sports in NY pushed back




sport

Winter sports practices, extracurriculars allowed to resume




sport

Arizona winter high school sports delayed to January




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New Mexico to delay winter high school sports until February




sport

Sports camp opens doors in Albania

A Transform 2013 outreach team to Albania runs a sports camp to help a local church connect with youth.




sport

Great Valley students’ sports analytics research poster wins second place

Two graduate students in Penn State Great Valley’s data analytics program, Praneeth Sunkavalli and Jainil Kakka, won second place for their research poster at a recent symposium hosted by the Penn State Institute for Computational and Data Sciences. For their research project, they used machine learning to analyze event data from soccer games to measure the success rates of a defensive tactic called "pressing," when players pressure their opponents in an attempt to regain the ball.




sport

CERN's BASE-STEP Successfully Transports Protons, Paving Way for Antimatter Transport

CERN scientists have successfully tested a new method for transporting particles like protons, using the BASE-STEP system. This breakthrough opens the door to transporting antimatter safely across long distances, facilitating more precise experiments at laboratories such as Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf. The system, which uses vacuum chambers and superconducting magnets, promises to revolutionize antimatter research in the coming years.




sport

Delaware State Agencies Partner with Youth Sports Teams to Prevent Opioid Use Among Teen Athletes

NEW CASTLE (Feb. 8, 2023) – Divisions from the Delaware Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) and the Department of Services for Children, Youth & Their Families (DSCYF) are working together to prevent opioid abuse among young athletes by funding innovative prevention programs in the community. The Delaware Division of Substance Abuse and Mental […]



  • Delaware Health and Social Services
  • Department of Services for Children
  • Youth and their Families
  • Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health
  • News
  • atTAcK Addiction
  • State Opioid Response

sport

Delaware Tourism Office Announces Sports Tourism Capital Investment Fund Awardees

Today the Delaware Tourism Office announced awards to four Delaware sports facilities through the Sports Tourism Capital Investment Fund. Established through the Fiscal Year 2024 Bond and Capital Improvements Act, the fund provides financial support to new or existing sports facilities that hold events throughout the year to attract out-of-state visitors and contribute to the state and local economy.



  • Delaware Tourism Office

sport

Delaware Tourism Office to Reopen the Sports Tourism Capital Investment Fund

On Aug. 1, the Delaware Tourism Office will reopen the Sports Tourism Capital Investment Fund for applications. Established through the FY24 Bond and Capital Improvements Act, the fund provides financial support to new or existing sports facilities that hold events throughout the year to attract out-of-state visitors and contribute to the state and local economy.



  • Delaware Tourism Office
  • Sports Tourism Capital Investment Fund

sport

1023 DIAA Sportsmanship

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION: Office of the Secretary




sport

Dizo Watch 2 Sports Review

Read the in depth Review of Dizo Watch 2 Sports Wearable Devices. Know detailed info about Dizo Watch 2 Sports configuration, design and performance quality along with pros & cons, Digit rating, verdict based on user opinions/feedback.




sport

Sennheiser SPORT True Wireless Review

Read the in depth Review of Sennheiser SPORT True Wireless Audio Video. Know detailed info about Sennheiser SPORT True Wireless configuration, design and performance quality along with pros & cons, Digit rating, verdict based on user opinions/feedback.





sport

NYT Connections Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for November 12

Connections: Sports Edition is a New York Times word game about finding common sports threads between words. How to solve the puzzle.




sport

Asia’s top two eSports nations compete and intermingle

South Korean-born eSports player Lee “Scout” Ye-chan, who won his first League of Legends World Championship last year, fits right into Chinese eSports culture.




sport

Sporting life as marathon boom powers local economic growth

STREETS across China were alive with energy yesterday, as thousands of runners jogged, smiled and celebrated in what’s been dubbed a “super marathon weekend.” Data show that about 30 marathons took place




sport

Women in Sports: Leveling the Playing Field

Women in Sports: Leveling the Playing Field Women in Sports: Leveling the Playing Field
ferrard Thu, 03/24/2022 - 15:10

East-West Wire

Tagline
News, Commentary, and Analysis
East-West Wire

The East-West Wire is a news, commentary, and analysis service provided by the East-West Center in Honolulu. Any part or all of the Wire content may be used by media with attribution to the East-West Center or the person quoted. To receive East-West Center Wire media releases via email, subscribe here.

For links to all East-West Center media programs, fellowships and services, see www.eastwestcenter.org/journalists.

Explore

East-West Wire

Tagline
News, Commentary, and Analysis
East-West Wire

The East-West Wire is a news, commentary, and analysis service provided by the East-West Center in Honolulu. Any part or all of the Wire content may be used by media with attribution to the East-West Center or the person quoted. To receive East-West Center Wire media releases via email, subscribe here.

For links to all East-West Center media programs, fellowships and services, see www.eastwestcenter.org/journalists.

Explore




sport

Man sentenced after he tricked his wife to travel to Sudan for holiday then left her stranded without a passport




sport

Nedbank Sports Trust empowers young cyclists in indigent communities




sport

The Trump Transport: How Hispanics Will Be Delivered to Their Final Destinations

Donald Trump promises 'deportation force' to remove 11 million undocumented immigrants




sport

Human-centered Design Improves Transport in Ulaanbaatar’s Ger Areas

ADB sought to understand what improving transport meant for the community. Prior to project design, consultations were conducted with residents in Ulaanbaatar’s ger areas. Design decisions were tested back to ensure that mobility pain points were addressed.




sport

Transport Specialist

ADB has a vacancy for the position of Transport Specialist in the Sectors Group. The deadline for submitting applications is on 21-NOV-2024.




sport

Project Officer (Transport)

ADB has a vacancy for the position of Project Officer (Transport) in the Sectors Group. The deadline for submitting applications is on 26-NOV-2024.




sport

Asian Development Blog: Empowering Women with Disabilities: Key Actions for Inclusive Sports in the Pacific

Inclusive sports can empower women with disabilities, and foster accessibility, social integration, and gender equality in the Pacific. Recent Paralympic milestones and policy examples illustrate the ongoing need for supportive infrastructures and greater representation to create equitable opportunities in sports.




sport

Sustainable Urban Transport Project

The Sustainable Urban Transport Project aims to support Perum DAMRI (DAMRI), the state-owned bus operator, in replacing its aging fleet of internal combustion engine (ICE) buses with battery electric buses (BEBs), and in improving the quality and resilience of its public transport facilities and services. The project is aligned with the following impact: Acceleration of electric vehicle deployment to increase energy conservation in the transportation sector, improve air quality, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (Presidential Regulation No.




sport

Are horses in equestrian sports being harmed by bending their necks?

Horses experience hyperflexion, or rollkur, when their necks bend far towards their chests – it could place the animal at a greater risk of physical discomfort and stress




sport

People watch sports, have sex, make children, study finds

Feedback is intrigued by new research into how major sports tournaments "were associated with increases in the number of babies born" nine months later - but only for supporters of the winning teams




sport

What Parents Need to Know About Sports Participation

Title: What Parents Need to Know About Sports Participation
Category: Health News
Created: 8/24/2014 9:35:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/25/2014 12:00:00 AM




sport

Excessive Sports Training Hurts Kids, Expert Warns

Title: Excessive Sports Training Hurts Kids, Expert Warns
Category: Health News
Created: 8/21/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/24/2015 12:00:00 AM




sport

One Activity Causes 4 Out of 5 Sports-Linked Spinal Injuries

Title: One Activity Causes 4 Out of 5 Sports-Linked Spinal Injuries
Category: Health News
Created: 8/25/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/25/2021 12:00:00 AM




sport

Get Moving! Any Sports Can Lower Seniors' Odds of Early Death

Title: Get Moving! Any Sports Can Lower Seniors' Odds of Early Death
Category: Health News
Created: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2022 12:00:00 AM




sport

Characterization and Prediction of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B Activity in Prostate Cancer Patients on Abiraterone Acetate Using Endogenous Biomarker Coproporphyrin I [Articles]

Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3 are important hepatic transporters. We previously identified OATP1B3 being critically implicated in the disposition of abiraterone. We aimed to further investigate the effects of abiraterone on the activities of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 utilizing a validated endogenous biomarker coproporphyrin I (CP-I). We used OATP1B-transfected cells to characterize the inhibitory potential of abiraterone against OATP1B-mediated uptake of CP-I. Inhibition constant (Ki) was incorporated into our physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to simulate the systemic exposures of CP-I among cancer populations receiving either our model-informed 500 mg or clinically approved 1000 mg abiraterone acetate (AA) dosage. Simulated data were compared with clinical CP-I concentrations determined among our nine metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving 500 mg AA treatment. Abiraterone inhibited OATP1B3-mediated, but not OATP1B1-mediated, uptake of CP-I in vitro, with an estimated Ki of 3.93 μM. Baseline CP-I concentrations were simulated to be 0.81 ± 0.26 ng/ml and determined to be 0.72 ± 0.16 ng/ml among metastatic prostate cancer patients, both of which were higher than those observed for healthy subjects. PBPK simulations revealed an absence of OATP1B3-mediated interaction between abiraterone and CP-I. Our clinical observations confirmed that CP-I concentrations remained comparable to baseline levels up to 12 weeks post 500 mg AA treatment. Using CP-I as an endogenous biomarker, we identified the inhibition of abiraterone on OATP1B3 but not OATP1B1 in vitro, which was predicted and observed to be clinically insignificant. We concluded that the interaction risk between AA and substrates of OATP1Bs is low.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

The authors used the endogenous biomarker coproporphyrin I (CP-I) and identified abiraterone as a moderate inhibitor of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B3 in vitro. Subsequent physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) simulations and clinical observations suggested an absence of OATP1B-mediated interaction between abiraterone and CP-I among prostate cancer patients. This multipronged study concluded that the interaction risk between abiraterone acetate and substrates of OATP1Bs is low, demonstrating the application of PBPK-CP-I modeling in predicting OATP1B-mediated interaction implicating abiraterone.




sport

Functional Characterization of Reduced Folate Carrier and Protein-Coupled Folate Transporter for Antifolates Accumulation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells [Articles]

Antifolates are important for chemotherapy in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They mainly rely on reduced folate carrier (RFC) and proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) to enter cells. PCFT is supposed to be the dominant transporter of the two in tumors, as it operates optimally at acidic pH and has limited transport activity at physiological pH, whereas RFC operates optimally at neutral pH. In this study, we found RFC showed a slightly pH-dependent uptake of antifolates, with similar affinity values at pH 7.4 and 6.5. PCFT showed a highly pH-dependent uptake of antifolates, with an optimum pH of 6.0 for pemetrexed and 5.5 for methotrexate. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) value of PCFT for pemetrexed at pH 7.4 was more than 10 times higher than that at pH 6.5. Interestingly, we found that antifolate accumulations mediated by PCFT at acidic pH were significantly affected by the efflux transporter, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). The highest pemetrexed concentration was observed at pH 7.0–7.4 after a 60-minute accumulation in PCFT-expressing cells, which was further evidenced by the cytotoxicity of pemetrexed, with the IC50 value of pemetrexed at pH 7.4 being one-third of that at pH 6.5. In addition, the in vivo study indicated that increasing PCFT and RFC expression significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of pemetrexed despite the high expression of BCRP. These results suggest that both RFC and PCFT are important for antifolates accumulation in NSCLC, although there is an acidic microenvironment and high BCRP expression in tumors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

Evaluating the role of reduced folate carrier (RFC) and proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) on antifolates accumulation in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is necessary for new drug designs. By using cell models, we found both RFC and PCFT were important for antifolates accumulation in NSCLC. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) significantly affected PCFT-mediated antifolates accumulation at acidic pH but not RFC-mediated pemetrexed accumulation at physiological pH. High expression of PCFT or RFC enhanced the cytotoxicity and antitumor effect of pemetrexed.




sport

Molecular Mechanisms for the Selective Transport of Dichlorofluorescein by Human Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 [Articles]

Human organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and 1B3 are two highly homologous liver-specific uptake transporters. However, 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) is preferably transported by OATP1B1. In the present study, the molecular mechanisms for the selective transport of DCF by OATP1B1 were investigated by constructing and characterizing an array of OATP1B1/1B3 chimeras and site-directed mutagenesis. Our results show that transmembrane domain (TM) 10 is crucial for the surface expression and function of OATP1B1, in which Q541 and L545 play the most important roles in DCF transport. Replacement of TM10 in OATP1B1 with its OATP1B3 counterpart led to OATP1B1’s complete intracellular retention. Q541 and L545 may interact with DCF directly via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The decrease of DCF uptake by Q541A and L545S was due to their reduced binding affinity for DCF as compared with OATP1B1. In addition, Q541 and L545 are also crucial for the transport of estradiol-17β-glucuronide (E17βG) but not for the transport of estrone-3-sulfate (E3S), indicating different interaction modes between DCF/E17βG and E3S in OATP1B1. Taken together, Q541 and L545 in TM10 are critical for OATP1B1-mediated DCF uptake, but their effect is substrate-dependent.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

The key TMs and amino acid residues for the selective transport of DCF by OATP1B1 were identified. TM10 is crucial for the surface expression and function of OATP1B1. Within TM10, Q541 and L545 played the most significant roles and affected the function of OATP1B1 in a substrate-dependent manner. This information is crucial for a better understanding of the mechanism of the multispecificity of OATP1B1 and as a consequence the mechanism of OATP1B1-mediated drug–drug interactions.




sport

The Simultaneous Inhibition of Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 19 and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Transporters Leads to an Increase of Indoxyl Sulfate (a Uremic Toxin) in Plasma and Kidney [Articles]

Solute carrier family 6 member 19 (SLC6A19) inhibitors are being studied as therapeutic agents for phenylketonuria. In this work, a potent SLC6A19 inhibitor (RA836) elevated rat kidney uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IDS) levels by intensity (arbitrary unit) of 13.7 ± 7.7 compared with vehicle 0.3 ± 0.1 (P = 0.01) as determined by tissue mass spectrometry imaging analysis. We hypothesized that increased plasma and kidney levels of IDS could be caused by the simultaneous inhibition of both Slc6a19 and a kidney IDS transporter responsible for excretion of IDS into urine. To test this, we first confirmed the formation of IDS through tryptophan metabolism by feeding rats a Trp-free diet. Inhibiting Slc6a19 with RA836 led to increased IDS in these rats. Next, RA836 and its key metabolites were evaluated in vitro for inhibiting kidney transporters such as organic anion transporter (OAT)1, OAT3, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). RA836 inhibits BCRP with an IC50 of 0.045 μM but shows no significant inhibition of OAT1 or OAT3. Finally, RA836 analogs with either potent or no inhibition of SLC6A19 and/or BCRP were synthesized and administered to rats fed a normal diet. Plasma and kidney samples were collected to quantify IDS using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Neither a SLC6A19 inactive but potent BCRP inhibitor nor a SLC6A19 active but weak BCRP inhibitor raised IDS levels, whereas compounds inhibiting both transporters caused IDS accumulation in rat plasma and kidney, supporting the hypothesis that rat Bcrp contributes to the excretion of IDS. In summary, we identified that inhibiting Slc6a19 increases IDS formation, while simultaneously inhibiting Bcrp results in IDS accumulation in the kidney and plasma.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

This is the first publication to decipher the mechanism for accumulation of indoxyl sulfate (IDS) (a uremic toxin) in rats via inhibition of both Slc6a19 and Bcrp. Specifically, inhibition of Slc6a19 in the gastrointestinal track increases IDS formation, and inhibition of Bcrp in the kidney blocks IDS excretion. Therefore, we should avoid inhibiting both solute carrier family 6 member 19 and breast cancer resistance protein simultaneously in humans to prevent accumulation of IDS, a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, psychic anxiety, and mortality in chronic kidney disease patients.




sport

Ontogeny of Hepatic Organic Cation Transporter-1 in Rat and Human [Articles]

The organic cation transporter (OCT)-1 mediates hepatic uptake of cationic endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. To date, limited information exists on how Oct1/OCT1 functionally develops with age in rat and human livers and how this would affect the pharmacokinetics of OCT substrates in children or juvenile animals. The functional ontogeny of rOct/hOCT was profiled in suspended rat (2–57 days old) and human hepatocytes (pediatric liver tissue donors: age 2–12 months) by determining uptake clearance of 4-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide (ASP+) as a known rOct/hOCT probe substrate. mRNA expression was determined in rat liver tissue corresponding to rat ages used in the functional studies, while hOCT1 mRNA expressions were determined in the same hepatocyte batches as those used for uptake studies. Maturation of rOct/hOCT activity and expression were evaluated by comparing values obtained at the various ages to the adult values. Relative to adult values (at 8 weeks), ASP+ uptake clearance in suspended rat hepatocytes aged 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks reached 26%, 29%, 33%, 37%, 72%, 63%, and 71%, respectively. Hepatic Oct1 mRNA expression was consistent with Oct activity (correlation coefficient of 0.92). In human hepatocytes, OCT1 activity was age dependent and also correlated with mRNA levels (correlation coefficient of 0.88). These data show that Oct1/OCT1 activities and expression mature gradually in rat/human liver, thereby mirroring the expression pattern of organic anion transporting polypeptide in rat. These high-resolution transporter ontogeny profiles will allow for more accurate prediction of the pharmacokinetics of OCT1/Oct1 substrates in pediatric populations and juvenile animals.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

Organic cation transporter-1 (OCT1) represents a major drug uptake transporter in human liver. This study provides high-resolution data regarding the age-dependent function of OCT1 in the liver, based on in vitro experiments with rat and human hepatocytes obtained from donors between birth and adulthood. These ontogeny profiles will inform improved age-specific physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for OCT1 drug substrates in neonates, infants, children, and adults.




sport

The Induction of Drug Uptake Transporter Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1A2 by Radiation Is Mediated by the Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase v-YES-1 Yamaguchi Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 1 [Articles]

Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP, gene symbol SLCO) are well-recognized key determinants for the absorption, distribution, and excretion of a wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous compounds including many antineoplastic agents. It was therefore proposed as a potential drug target for cancer therapy. In our previous study, it was found that low-dose X-ray and carbon ion irradiation both upregulated the expression of OATP family member OATP1A2 and in turn, led to a more dramatic killing effect when cancer cells were cotreated with antitumor drugs such as methotrexate. In the present study, the underlying mechanism of the phenomenon was explored in breast cancer cell line MCF-7. It was found that the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase v-YES-1 Yamaguchi sarcoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (YES-1) was temporally coordinated with the change of OATP1A2 after irradiation. The overexpression of YES-1 significantly increased OATP1A2 both at the mRNA and protein level. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway is likely the downstream target of YES-1 because phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of STAT3 were both enhanced after overexpressing YES-1 in MCF-7 cells. Further investigation revealed that there are two possible binding sites of STAT3 localized at the upstream sequence of SLCO1A2, the encoding gene of OATP1A2. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis suggested that these two sites bound to STAT3 specifically and the overexpression of YES-1 significantly increased the association of the transcription factor with the putative binding sites. Finally, inhibition or knockdown of YES-1 attenuated the induction effect of radiation on the expression of OATP1A2.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

The present study found that the effect of X-rays on v-YES-1 Yamaguchi sarcoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (YES-1) and organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP)1A2 was temporally coordinated. YES-1 phosphorylates and increases the nuclear accumulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, which in turn binds to the upstream regulatory sequences of SLCO1A2, the coding gene for OATP1A2. Hence, inhibitors of YES-1 may suppress the radiation induction effect on OATP1A2.




sport

Roles of the ABCG2 Transporter in Protoporphyrin IX Distribution and Toxicity [Special Section on New and Emerging Areas and Technologies in Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Part II-Minireview]

ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) is a membrane-bound transporter responsible for the efflux of various xenobiotics and endobiotics, including protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), an intermediate in the heme biosynthesis pathway. Certain genetic mutations and chemicals impair the conversion of PPIX to heme and/or increase PPIX production, leading to PPIX accumulation and toxicity. In mice, deficiency of ABCG2 protects against PPIX-mediated phototoxicity and hepatotoxicity by modulating PPIX distribution. In addition, in vitro studies revealed that ABCG2 inhibition increases the efficacy of PPIX-based photodynamic therapy by retaining PPIX inside target cells. In this review, we discuss the roles of ABCG2 in modulating the tissue distribution of PPIX, PPIX-mediated toxicity, and PPIX-based photodynamic therapy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

This review summarized the roles of ABCG2 in modulating PPIX distribution and highlighted the therapeutic potential of ABCG2 inhibitors for the management of PPIX-mediated toxicity.




sport

Differential Tissue Abundance of Membrane-Bound Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporter Proteins by Global Proteomics [Special Section on New and Emerging Areas and Technologies in Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Part II]

Protein abundance data of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) are useful for scaling in vitro and animal data to humans for accurate prediction and interpretation of drug clearance and toxicity. Targeted DMET proteomics that relies on synthetic stable isotope-labeled surrogate peptides as calibrators is routinely used for the quantification of selected proteins; however, the technique is limited to the quantification of a small number of proteins. Although the global proteomics-based total protein approach (TPA) is emerging as a better alternative for large-scale protein quantification, the conventional TPA does not consider differential sequence coverage by identifying unique peptides across proteins. Here, we optimized the TPA approach by correcting protein abundance data by the sequence coverage, which was applied to quantify 54 DMETs for characterization of 1) differential tissue DMET abundance in the human liver, kidney, and intestine, and 2) interindividual variability of DMET proteins in individual intestinal samples (n = 13). Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7), microsomal glutathione S-transferases (MGST1, MGST2, and MGST3) carboxylesterase 2 (CES2), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) were expressed in all three tissues, whereas, as expected, four cytochrome P450s (CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C9, and CYP4F2), UGT1A1, UGT2B17, CES1, flavin-containing monooxygenase 5, MRP3, and P-glycoprotein were present in the liver and intestine. The top three DMET proteins in individual tissues were: CES1>CYP2E1>UGT2B7 (liver), CES2>UGT2B17>CYP3A4 (intestine), and MGST1>UGT1A6>MGST2 (kidney). CYP3A4, CYP3A5, UGT2B17, CES2, and MGST2 showed high interindividual variability in the intestine. These data are relevant for enhancing in vitro to in vivo extrapolation of drug absorption and disposition and can be used to enhance the accuracy of physiologically based pharmacokinetic prediction of systemic and tissue concentration of drugs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

This study quantified the abundance and compositions of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in pooled human liver, intestine, and kidney microsomes as well as individual intestinal microsomes using an optimized global proteomics approach. The data revealed large intertissue differences in the abundance of these proteins and high intestinal interindividual variability in the levels of cytochrome P450s (e.g., CYP3A4 and CYP3A5), uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17, carboxylesterase 2, and microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2. These data are applicable for the prediction of first-pass metabolism and tissue-specific drug clearance.




sport

Factors Influencing the Central Nervous System (CNS) Distribution of the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and Rad3-Related Inhibitor Elimusertib (BAY1895344): Implications for the Treatment of CNS Tumors [Metabolism, Transport, and Pharmacogenetics]

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a disease of the whole brain, with infiltrative tumor cells protected by an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB). GBM has a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment, in part due to the lack of adequate drug permeability at the BBB. Standard of care GBM therapies include radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy that lead to DNA damage. Subsequent activation of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways can induce resistance. Various DDR inhibitors, targeting the key regulators of these pathways such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR), are being explored as radio- and chemosensitizers. Elimusertib, a novel ATR kinase inhibitor, can prevent repair of damaged DNA, increasing efficacy of DNA-damaging cytotoxic therapies. Robust synergy was observed in vitro when elimusertib was combined with the DNA-damaging agent temozolomide; however, we did not observe improvement with this combination in in vivo efficacy studies in GBM orthotopic tumor-bearing mice. This in vitro–in vivo disconnect was explored to understand factors influencing central nervous system (CNS) distribution of elimusertib and reasons for lack of efficacy. We observed that elimusertib is rapidly cleared from systemic circulation in mice and would not maintain adequate exposure in the CNS for efficacious combination therapy with temozolomide. CNS distribution of elimusertib is partially limited by P-glycoprotein efflux at the BBB, and high binding to CNS tissues leads to low levels of pharmacologically active (unbound) drug in the brain. Acknowledging the potential for interspecies differences in pharmacokinetics, these data suggest that clinical translation of elimusertib in combination with temozolomide for treatment of GBM may be limited.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

This study examined the disconnect between the in vitro synergy and in vivo efficacy of elimusertib/temozolomide combination therapy by exploring systemic and central nervous system (CNS) distributional pharmacokinetics. Results indicate that the lack of improvement in in vivo efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models could be attributed to inadequate exposure of pharmacologically active drug concentrations in the CNS. These observations can guide further exploration of elimusertib for the treatment of GBM or other CNS tumors.




sport

Effects of Dual Inhibition at Dopamine Transporter and {sigma} Receptors in the Discriminative-Stimulus Effects of Cocaine in Male Rats [Behavioral Pharmacology]

Previous studies demonstrated that sigma receptor (R) antagonists alone fail to alter cocaine self-administration despite blocking various other effects of cocaine. However, R antagonists when combined with dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors substantially decrease cocaine self-administration. To better understand the effects of this combination, the present study examined the effects of R antagonist and DAT inhibitor combinations in male rats discriminating cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) from saline injections. The DAT inhibitors alone [(–)-2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate monohydrate (WIN 35,428) and methylphenidate] at low (0.1-mg/kg) doses that were minimally active failed to shift the dose-effect function for discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine to the left more than 2-fold. At 0.32 mg/kg the DAT inhibitors alone shifted the cocaine dose-effect function leftward 24- or 6.6-fold, respectively. The R antagonists (BD1008, BD1047, and BD1063) failed to fully substitute for cocaine, although BD1008 and BD1047 substituted partially. At 10 mg/kg, BD1008, BD1047, or BD1063 alone shifted the cocaine dose-effect function leftward less than 6.0-fold. In combination with 0.1 mg/kg WIN 35,428, the 10 mg/kg doses of R antagonists shifted the cocaine dose-effect function from 12.3- to 36.7-fold leftward, and with 0.32 mg/kg WIN 35,428 from 14.3- to 440-fold leftward. In combination with 0.1 mg/kg methylphenidate, those R antagonist doses shifted the cocaine dose-effect function from 5.5- to 55.0-fold leftward, and with 0.32 mg/kg methylphenidate from 10.5- to 48.1-fold leftward. The present results suggest that dual DAT/R inhibition produces agonist-like subjective effects that may promote decreases in self-administration obtained in previous studies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

There is currently no approved medication for treating stimulant abuse, although dopamine uptake inhibitors in combination with sigma receptor (R) antagonists decrease cocaine self-administration in laboratory animals. The present study assessed how this combination alters the discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine in male rats. Results suggest that concurrent dopamine uptake inhibition and R antagonism together may promote decreases in self-administration, possibly by mimicking the subjective effects extant when subjects cease continued cocaine self-administration.




sport

EA Sports FC 25 Debuts in 1st on the Canadian Charts

EA Sports FC 25 has debuted in first place on the Canadian charts for September 2024, according to data from Circana (formerly The NPD Group) reported by the Entertainment Software Association of Canada (ESA).

There were four other new releases in the top 10 with NHL 25 debuting in second place, The Legend of Zelda: Echoes of Wisdom in third place, Astro Bot in fourth place, and NBA 2K25 in 10th place.

Star Wars: Outlaws is in fifth place, Hogwarts Legacy is in sixth place, and Madden NFL 25 is in seventh place. God of War: Ragnarök is in eighth place following the release of the PC version and Elden Ring is in ninth place.

Top 10 best-selling games in Canada:

  1. EA Sports FC 25 - NEW
  2. NHL 25 - NEW
  3. The Legend of Zelda: Echoes of Wisdom* - NEW
  4. Astro Bot - NEW
  5. Star Wars: Outlaws
  6. Hogwarts Legacy
  7. Madden NFL 25
  8. God of War: Ragnarök
  9. Elden Ring
  10. NBA 2K25* - NEW

*Digital sales not included

A life-long and avid gamer, William D'Angelo was first introduced to VGChartz in 2007. After years of supporting the site, he was brought on in 2010 as a junior analyst, working his way up to lead analyst in 2012 and taking over the hardware estimates in 2017. He has expanded his involvement in the gaming community by producing content on his own YouTube channel and Twitch channel. You can contact the author on Twitter @TrunksWD.

Full Article - https://www.vgchartz.com/article/463027/ea-sports-fc-25-debuts-in-1st-on-the-canadian-charts/




sport

American Sports Story: Aaron Hernandez Finale Recap: Absolute Freedom

The finale doesn’t look to provide a definitive answer to what drove Aaron’s actions, much to the show’s credit.





sport

Great British summer of sport - your guide to how each event is ready for return of crowds






sport

Sport governing bodies will have to sign up to 'diversity action plans' but not boardroom targets