Although Ireland has seen remarkable improvements in the health of its population in the last decades, several challenges lie ahead for its health system. Based on available OECD analyses, further progress could be made to promote efficient use of hospital resources, strengthen primary care, address high pharmaceutical spending and prevent the spread of risk factors including obesity and alcohol consumption.

Despite achieving near universal health coverage with a basic benefit package that all health payers must provide, health financing in Chile remains inefficient and inequitable. There is room for improving the system by moving towards a unified, equitable social security system for the entire population.

Although many health indicators are improving in Mexico, the country has the lowest life expectancy in the OECD. This is due to unhealthy lifestyles with higher risk factors to health leading to chronic diseases and mortality, but also to persisting barriers of access to high-quality health care services.

Belgium shows average health outcomes compared to other OECD countries. Life expectancy at birth is 80.7 years, just above the OECD average. Quality of care is fair, standing again near the OECD average. Health expenditure at 10.2% of GDP is higher than the OECD average of 1.3% points in 2013. Health policy in Belgium relies on shared responsibility of both the federal authorities and federated entities (regions and communities).

This paper looks at recent trends in pharmaceutical spending across OECD countries. It examines the drivers of recent spending trends, highlighting differences across therapeutic classes, and then looks at emerging challenges for policy makers in the management of pharmaceutical spending.

Between 2009 and 2013, public spending on health fell by EUR 5.2 billion – representing a 32% drop in real-terms. This reduction clearly represents a shock for the system to adsorb, even though it is clear that there were inefficiencies in the Greek system (for example, inappropriate prescribing, weak primary care, imbalances in the mix of health professionals).

Norway has an impressive and comprehensive health system, but it is facing several challenges over the coming years. The shift in the need for care from an ageing population will weigh heavily on the Norwegian health care system, demanding for more skilled health care personnel as well as strengthening of community care.

Israel has built a universal health system at relatively low-cost. Health spending was 7.5% of GDP in 2013, below the OECD average of 8.9% although the health spending share of GDP has been increasing rapidly, particularly in recent years. Israel has developed a sophisticated programme to monitor quality of primary care.

In the past 30 years Korea has gone from having a limited medical infrastructure, fragmented financing and limited population coverage, to a health care system characterised by universal coverage, one of the highest life expectancies in the world while still having one of the lowest levels of health expenditure among OECD countries.

Outdoor air pollution could cause 6 to 9 million premature deaths a year by 2060 and cost 1% of global GDP – around USD 2.6 trillion annually – as a result of sick days, medical bills and reduced agricultural output, unless action is taken, according to a new OECD report.

The High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth, chaired by H.E. François Hollande and H.E. Jacob Zuma, today delivered its final report and recommendations to United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in New York.

Latvia has successfully consolidated its hospital sector and strengthened primary care since the financial crisis. But persistent barriers to accessing high quality care need to be removed, according to a new OECD report.

Asia-Pacific countries should strengthen their health systems and sharply increase spending to deliver effective universal coverage in order to meet the changing needs of their fast ageing populations, according to a new OECD report.

Better public health and prevention policies as well as more effective health care could save hundreds of thousands of lives and billions of euros each year in Europe, according to a new joint OECD/European Commission report.

This High-Level Forum will be held at the OECD Conference Centre in Paris on 16 January 2017. Issues include: Harnessing digital technology and data to create proactive, people-centred systems; Overcoming technical, institutional and cultural challenges; Caring for people with complex needs; The importance of measuring what matters to people and to patients, and The role of international and cross-sector collaboration.

Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) are commonly used to convert national currencies to a common unit. The main novel feature in the 2017 report is the collection of comparable and output-based prices for hospital services that can then be applied to matching health accounts expenditure data so as to derive consistent price and volume comparisons of health and hospital goods and services consumed.

Healthier lifestyles, higher incomes and better education have all contributed to boost life expectancy in recent decades. Better health care has also helped, according to a new OECD report.

This report identifies, and seeks to address, key challenges for the responsible development of neurotechnology. In particular, it analyses frameworks and mechanisms for integrating social concerns in the early development of technology, and discusses best practices for research funders across the public and private sector.

This document revises the OECD's statistical definition of biotechnology, which had last been reviewed in 2008, and proposes the adoption of a statistical definition of nanotechnology in the same format.

This note is taken from Chapter 2 of Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2012.

Australia’s enforcement of its foreign bribery laws has been extremely low, with just a single case leading to prosecutions out of 28 referrals in 13 years. Cases may have been closed prematurely. Australia must vigorously pursue foreign bribery allegations.

The Australian economy is robust and faces a solid short-term outlook, but it must continue adapting to ensure that its privileged place in the Asia-Pacific region contributes to long-term sustainable growth, according to the OECD’s latest Economic Survey of Australia.

The global economic crisis has had a profound impact on people’s well-being, reaching far beyond the loss of jobs and income, and affecting citizens’ satisfaction with their lives and their trust in governments, according to a new OECD report.

Australians continue to enjoy one of the highest levels of health across the developed world but need to address Australia’s growing obesity problem, according to a new OECD report.

Global Value Chains (GVCs) are a dominant feature of the world economy that impact growth, jobs and development, but numerous challenges remain to ensure that all countries and all firms have the opportunity to participate and benefit.

The Australian health system is a complex mix of federal and state government funding and responsibility, making it difficult for patients to navigate. Despite its complexity, Australia’s universal health system achieves good results relatively efficiently.

The Co-operative Research Programme (CRP)'s Call for Applications for conference sponsorship and research fellowships for funding in 2019 is now CLOSED. The CRP supports work on sustainable use of natural resources in agriculture, forests, fisheries and food production.

The most attractive OECD countries for highly qualified potential immigrants are Australia, Sweden, Switzerland, New Zealand and Canada, in part because of favourable admission and stay conditions.

Unemployment Rate in Portugal remained unchanged at 6.70 percent in the first quarter of 2020 from 6.70 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019. Unemployment Rate in Portugal averaged 7.76 percent from 1983 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 17.50 percent in the first quarter of 2013 and a record low of 3.70 percent in the second quarter of 2000. In Portugal, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Portugal Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Netherlands decreased to 106.92 points in March of 2020 from 107.99 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in Netherlands averaged 100.24 points from 2009 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 110.31 points in August of 2019 and a record low of 87.21 points in December of 2009. This page provides - Netherlands Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in France decreased to 104.97 points in March of 2020 from 107.42 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in France averaged 83.19 points from 1990 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 108.99 points in December of 2019 and a record low of 57.10 points in January of 1990. This page provides - France Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Spain decreased to 106.16 points in March of 2020 from 109.57 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in Spain averaged 95.39 points from 2002 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 110.76 points in September of 2012 and a record low of 71.87 points in January of 2002. This page provides - Spain Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Somalia remained unchanged at 110.57 points in March of 2020 from 110.57 points in February of 2020. Cpi Transportation in Somalia averaged 107.14 points from 2018 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 110.57 points in October of 2019 and a record low of 102.11 points in January of 2018. In Somalia, Transport accounts for 4 percent of total Consumer Price Index (CPI). This page provides - Somalia CPI Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Germany increased to 107.20 points in January of 2020 from 106.90 points in December of 2019. CPI Transportation in Germany averaged 87.61 points from 1991 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 109.50 points in September of 2012 and a record low of 57.30 points in February of 1991. In Germany, Transport accounts for 13 percent of the consumer price index. This page provides - Germany Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket In the Euro Area decreased to 104.69 points in March of 2020 from 106.33 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in the Euro Area averaged 87.62 points from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 107.87 points in August of 2019 and a record low of 66 points in January of 1996. This page provides - Euro Area Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Ukraine increased to 101.40 points in March of 2020 from 100 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in Ukraine averaged 100.98 points from 2007 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 113.90 points in February of 2015 and a record low of 94.20 points in April of 2015. This page provides - Ukraine Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in the United Kingdom decreased to 111.80 points in March of 2020 from 112.40 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in the United Kingdom averaged 75.85 points from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 114.90 points in August of 2019 and a record low of 40.40 points in February of 1988. This page provides - United Kingdom Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in South Africa decreased to 115.50 points in March of 2020 from 116.30 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in South Africa averaged 101.59 points from 2008 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 116.90 points in November of 2016 and a record low of 81.70 points in January of 2008. This page provides - South Africa Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Canada decreased to 138.90 points in March of 2020 from 144 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in Canada averaged 61.60 points from 1950 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 144.20 points in July of 2019 and a record low of 10.90 points in February of 1950. This page provides - Canada Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Japan decreased to 99.90 points in March of 2020 from 100.10 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in Japan averaged 90.61 points from 1970 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 104.40 points in August of 2008 and a record low of 38.50 points in January of 1970. This page provides - Japan Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Gambia increased to 101.89 points in March of 2020 from 101.12 points in February of 2020. Cpi Transportation in Gambia averaged 212.02 points from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 245.17 points in December of 2019 and a record low of 100 points in January of 2020. This page provides - Gambia Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

CPI Transportation in Australia decreased to 106.50 points in the first quarter of 2020 from 108.60 points in the fourth quarter of 2019. CPI Transportation in Australia averaged 64.91 points from 1972 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 108.60 points in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 11.30 points in the third quarter of 1972. This page provides - Australia Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Turkey decreased to 411.33 points in April of 2020 from 419 points in March of 2020. CPI Transportation in Turkey averaged 210.70 points from 2003 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 428.76 points in January of 2020 and a record low of 94.61 points in January of 2003. This page provides - Turkey Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Mexico decreased to 95 points in April of 2020 from 102.25 points in March of 2020. CPI Transportation in Mexico averaged 43.80 points from 1981 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 105.61 points in January of 2020 and a record low of 0.06 points in January of 1981. This page provides - Mexico Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Phase 3 Report on Japan by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates and makes recommendations on Japan'simplementation and application of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and related instruments.

This note is taken from Chapter 2 of Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2012.

Japan is poised for an economic expansion, but long-term growth prospects remain contingent on additional efforts to revitalise the economy and reduce unsustainable levels of public debt, according to the OECD’s latest Economic Survey of Japan.

Cities can generate growth and jobs while becoming greener – this is the message of the OECD’s new Green Growth in Cities report. Drawing on case studies of Paris, Chicago, Kitakyushu and Stockholm, the report identifies green policies that can respond to urban growth priorities and suggests how to implement and finance them.

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia - 5-6 June 2013 - This meeting served as an opportunity to better understand the particular features and challenges associated with equity market developments worldwide and in particular, corporate governance policies and practices and their relationship to equity market growth in Asia.

The global economic crisis has had a profound impact on people’s well-being, reaching far beyond the loss of jobs and income, and affecting citizens’ satisfaction with their lives and their trust in governments, according to a new OECD report.