Gold Reserves in Malawi remained unchanged at 0.40 Tonnes in the second quarter of 2019 from 0.40 Tonnes in the first quarter of 2019. Gold Reserves are country’s gold assets held or controlled by the central bank. This page provides - Malawi Gold Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Malawi recorded a Current Account deficit of 14.70 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Current Account to GDP in Malawi averaged -12.79 percent from 1977 until 2018, reaching an all time high of -0.25 percent in 1998 and a record low of -27.60 percent in 2013. The Current account balance as a percent of GDP provides an indication on the level of international competitiveness of a country. Usually, countries recording a strong current account surplus have an economy heavily dependent on exports revenues, with high savings ratings but weak domestic demand. On the other hand, countries recording a current account deficit have strong imports, a low saving rates and high personal consumption rates as a percentage of disposable incomes. This page provides - Malawi Current Account to GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Spending in Malawi increased to 139966.40 MWK Million in 2018 from 134737.90 MWK Million in 2017. Government Spending in Malawi averaged 90742.62 MWK Million from 2002 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 139966.40 MWK Million in 2018 and a record low of 27173.70 MWK Million in 2002. Government Spending refers to public expenditure on goods and services and is a major component of the GDP. Government spending policies like setting up budget targets, adjusting taxation, increasing public expenditure and public works are very effective tools in influencing economic growth. This page provides - Malawi Government Spending - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Malawi increased to 191861 MWK Million in 2018 from 184693.90 MWK Million in 2017. Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Malawi averaged 134253.49 MWK Million from 2002 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 213674 MWK Million in 2008 and a record low of 28646.10 MWK Million in 2002. This page provides - Malawi Gross Fixed Capital Formation - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Malawi scored 31 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Malawi averaged 32.27 Points from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 41 Points in 1999 and a record low of 27 Points in 2006. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Malawi Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Malawi expanded 5 percent in 2019 from the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Malawi averaged 4.43 percent from 1994 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 16.70 percent in 1995 and a record low of -10 percent in 1994. Geographically landlocked, Malawi is one of the least developed countries in the world. Malawi’s economy relies mostly on grants from foreign donors. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy and accounts for 80 percent of the labour force and 80 percent of exports. Serious deficiencies in the public sector, telecommunications and infrastructures are an obstacle to growth. This page provides - Malawi GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Malawi recorded a Current Account deficit of 1202.60 USD Million in 2019. Current Account in Malawi averaged -591.74 USD Million from 1994 until 2019, reaching an all time high of -4.38 USD Million in 1998 and a record low of -1418.57 USD Million in 2018. Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid). This page provides - Malawi Current Account - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

GDP Constant Prices in Malawi increased to 1501049.40 MWK Million in 2019 from 1430022.80 MWK Million in 2018. GDP Constant Prices in Malawi averaged 1039590.41 MWK Million from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1501049.40 MWK Million in 2019 and a record low of 636429.74 MWK Million in 2002. This page provides - Malawi Gdp Constant Prices- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in Malawi remained unchanged at 5.40 percent in 2019 from 5.40 percent in 2018. Unemployment Rate in Malawi averaged 7.02 percent from 1991 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 7.80 percent in 2003 and a record low of 5.40 percent in 2018. In Malawi, the unemployment rate is based on the strict ILO definition, which is much lower than the unemployment rate obtained using the broad definition (20.4 percent). This page provides - Malawi Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Malawi recorded a government budget deficit of 33.90 MWK Billion in December of 2019. Government Budget Value in Malawi averaged -12.35 MWK Billion from 2012 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 56.50 MWK Billion in June of 2014 and a record low of -54.50 MWK Billion in November of 2018. The government budget balance is the difference between government revenues and expenses. The budget is balanced when outlays equal to receipts, the country reports budget surplus when revenues are higher than expenses and deficit when expenses exceed the revenues. This page provides - Malawi Government Budget Value- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The total population in Malawi was estimated at 18.6 million people in 2019, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. Looking back, in the year of 1960, Malawi had a population of 3.7 million people. The population of Malawi represents 0.22 percent of the world´s total population which arguably means that one person in every 453 people on the planet is a resident of Malawi. This page provides the latest reported value for - Malawi Population - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Malawi was worth 7 billion US dollars in 2019, according to official data from the World Bank and projections from Trading Economics. The GDP value of Malawi represents 0.01 percent of the world economy. GDP in Malawi averaged 2.36 USD Billion from 1960 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 8 USD Billion in 2011 and a record low of 0.16 USD Billion in 1960. The gross domestic product (GDP) measures of national income and output for a given country's economy. The gross domestic product (GDP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time. This page provides the latest reported value for - Malawi GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Malawi recorded a trade deficit of 91901 MWK Million in June of 2019. Balance of Trade in Malawi averaged -28712.58 MWK Million from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 4926 MWK Million in November of 2009 and a record low of -187035.40 MWK Million in August of 2018. Malawi’s landlocked location increases import costs and poses an obstacle to exports. Malawi is dependent on imports of fuel and consumer goods. However, tobacco trade (55 percent of total exports) represents a major source of income for the country. Malawi’s main trading partners are: South Africa, Zambia, China and United States. This page provides - Malawi Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Exports in Malawi increased to 74239 MWK Million in June from 70086.40 MWK Million in May of 2019. Exports in Malawi averaged 20634.74 MWK Million from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 97429 MWK Million in November of 2016 and a record low of 617.70 MWK Million in April of 2008. Malawi’s main export is tobacco which accounts for 55% of total exports. Others include: uranium, sugar, tea and coffee. Malawi’s main export partner is the European Union (50 percent of exports). Others include: Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa and United States. This page provides - Malawi Exports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Malawi decreased to 166140 MWK Million in June from 179303.20 MWK Million in May of 2019. Imports in Malawi averaged 49710.20 MWK Million from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 269620.30 MWK Million in August of 2018 and a record low of 1055.70 MWK Million in April of 2001. Malawi’s main imports are oil, coal, consumer goods and fertilizers. Malawi’s main import partner is South Africa (40 percent of total imports). Others include: Zambia, United States and China. This page provides - Malawi Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Cpi Housing Utilities in Malawi increased to 112.13 points in March from 112.10 points in February of 2020. Cpi Housing Utilities in Malawi averaged 108.30 points from 2017 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 112.13 points in March of 2020 and a record low of 100 points in December of 2017. This page provides - Malawi Cpi Housing Utilities- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Malawi decreased to 116.95 points in March of 2020 from 117.07 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in Malawi averaged 153.17 points from 2013 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 214.73 points in December of 2017 and a record low of 100.17 points in January of 2018. This page provides - Malawi Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Malawi thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Malawi as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Imports from Malaysia in Turkey decreased to 147.60 USD Million in March from 153.39 USD Million in February of 2020. Imports from Malaysia in Turkey averaged 165.25 USD Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 325.28 USD Million in October of 2017 and a record low of 81.16 USD Million in October of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for Turkey Imports from Malaysia.

Banks Balance Sheet in Greece decreased to 308964.26 EUR Million in March from 314569.78 EUR Million in February of 2020. Banks Balance Sheet in Greece averaged 327086.40 EUR Million from 1998 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 544679.70 EUR Million in June of 2010 and a record low of 141300.10 EUR Million in March of 1998. This page provides the latest reported value for - Greece Banks Balance Sheet - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Cyprus recorded a trade deficit of 539694 EUR Thousand in February of 2020. Balance of Trade in Cyprus averaged -207406.81 EUR Thousand from 1975 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 158661 EUR Thousand in March of 2018 and a record low of -925948 EUR Thousand in May of 2016. Trade is an integral part of the recent economic success of Cyprus, as the island nation falls short of being self-sufficient for food and fuel. As such, Cyprus is a net importer of fuels, raw materials, heavy machinery and transportation equipment. Cyprus mostly exports citrus fruits, cement, potatoes, clothing and pharmaceuticals. Cyprus' largest, and most important, trading partner is the European Union, which accounts for 50% of all Cypriot trade flows, followed by the Middle East, destination for 20% of exports from Cyprus. In the European Union, the UK and Greece account for the largest share of trade due to historical connections. Recent discoveries of offshore gas will likely diminish Cyprus' need for importing energy and lead to a shift in the composition of its exports. This page provides - Cyprus Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This note is taken from Chapter 2 of Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2012.

Over the last four years we have lived and worked under the impact of the greatest economic crisis of our lifetimes. Recent actions in Europe have cleared a bit the fog but the confidence in the markets is still shaky and the long-term growth perspective of Europe is muted.

Low growth and huge current account deficits have characterised the Portuguese economy over the past decade.

The balance of economic power is expected to shift dramatically over the next half century, with fast-growing emerging-market economies accounting for an ever-increasing share of global output, according to a new OECD report.

The euro area crisis finds its roots in the credit booms seen in many countries following the introduction of the euro in 1999. Easy credit led to strong growth in a range of sectors, notably housing, as well as higher levels of public spending. Inflation in these over-heating economies was higher than the euro area as a whole. Rising prices led to rising costs and a loss of international competitiveness.

Structural reforms offer governments a powerful tool to boost economic growth, create jobs and bring about a strong and balanced economic recovery, according to the OECD’s latest Going for Growth report.

A simple econometric framework is presented linking current account balances of euro area countries to intra and extra euro area competitiveness, cyclical positions, fiscal positions and the oil price.

Austerity programmes to restore order to public finances can add to the woes of already struggling economies, leading to more job losses and social hardship. But there are ways for governments to put their fiscal houses in order, while supporting growth and reducing income inequality at the same time.

As its workforce ages and major economies shift towards producing higher value-added goods and services, New Zealand will face increasing challenges to remain globally competitive and maintain high living standards. Future growth will need to come increasingly from productivity gains, and resources will have to shift towards activities that rely more on skills, technology and intangible assets.

The NZ labour market is among the most flexible in the OECD, and outcomes for its young people have been among the best. However, labour-market opportunities are heavily determined by initial education, where New Zealand’s system is also successful and innovative in many ways.

We therefore need a “copernician” change in our approach to the growth – inequality nexus: let’s not think growth first, and inequality thereafter but let’s consider both of them, together, in their circularity. In other words, let’s think “Inclusive Growth”, right from the start, and let’s make it another touchstone of our efforts and complement the Pittsburgh tryptic of strong, sustainable and balanced growth!

The New Zealand economy has performed well in recent years, but bottlenecks in housing and urban infrastructure, inequalities in living standards and rising environmental pressures all pose challenges for sustaining robust growth and high levels of well-being over the long term, according to the OECD’s latest Economic Survey of New Zealand.

New Zealand generally performs well in terms of economic and social inclusion. It has high employment rates, and education and health-care systems work well for most.

The generous Danish welfare state relies on a high degree of labour force participation both for financing and in order to ensure social cohesion.

The generous Danish welfare state relies on a high degree of labour force participation both for financing and in order to ensure social cohesion.

Malaysia’s economy has proven resilient to global headwinds, but more can be done to boost innovation, raise productivity and shift to a more sustainable growth path that will boost living standards for all, according to two new reports from the OECD.

Productivity growth is essential for living standards to durably improve. Malaysia has reached a development stage where growth needs to be driven more by productivity gains than the sheer accumulation of capital and labour inputs.

Malaysia’s success in alleviating poverty has been achieved despite the absence of an integrated and comprehensive social protection system.

Turkey’s manufacturing sector has expanded considerably but not efficiently and competitively enough.

Turkey’s manufacturing sector has expanded considerably but not efficiently and competitively enough.

Malaysia has sustained over four decades of rapid, inclusive growth, reducing its dependence on agriculture and commodity exports to become a more diversified, modern and open economy.

Productivity growth is essential to providing sustainable increases in living standards. Malaysia has reached a development stage where growth needs to be driven more by productivity gains than the sheer accumulation of capital and labour inputs.

Malaysia has followed a comparatively equitable development path, largely eliminating absolute poverty and greatly reduced ethnic inequality.

Productivity growth is essential to providing sustainable increases in living standards. Malaysia has reached a development stage where growth needs to be driven more by productivity gains than the sheer accumulation of capital and labour inputs.

The New Zealand economy continues enjoying a strong, broad-based expansion, driven by booming tourism, high net inward migration, solid construction activity and supportive monetary policy.

New Zealand has experienced robust economic growth since 2012, buoyed by record levels of inward migration and strong terms of trade. Employment has expanded vigorously, reversing much of the increase in unemployment since the onset of the global financial crisis.

Productivity growth will be the main driver of global economic growth and prosperity over the coming decades. For New Zealand, this represents both a challenge and an opportunity, as NZ productivity is below that of leading OECD countries.

New Zealand enjoyed strong economic growth during 2016, driven by high net inward migration, solid construction activity, booming tourism and supportive monetary policy, although in per capita terms growth has been more in line with that in other advanced economies.

While India’s per capita income is converging towards that of the richer countries, inequality has drifted up.