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The Role of Fnr Paralogs in Controlling Anaerobic Metabolism in the Diazotroph Paenibacillus polymyxa WLY78 [Environmental Microbiology]

Fnr is a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of a variety of genes in response to oxygen limitation in bacteria. Genome sequencing revealed four genes (fnr1, fnr3, fnr5, and fnr7) coding for Fnr proteins in Paenibacillus polymyxa WLY78. Fnr1 and Fnr3 showed more similarity to each other than to Fnr5 and Fnr7. Also, Fnr1 and Fnr3 exhibited high similarity with Bacillus cereus Fnr and Bacillus subtilis Fnr in sequence and structures. Both the aerobically purified His-tagged Fnr1 and His-tagged Fnr3 in Escherichia coli could bind to the specific DNA promoter. Deletion analysis showed that the four fnr genes, especially fnr1 and fnr3, have significant impacts on growth and nitrogenase activity. Single deletion of fnr1 or fnr3 led to a 50% reduction in nitrogenase activity, and double deletion of fnr1 and fnr3 resulted to a 90% reduction in activity. Genome-wide transcription analysis showed that Fnr1 and Fnr3 indirectly activated expression of nif (nitrogen fixation) genes and Fe transport genes under anaerobic conditions. Fnr1 and Fnr3 inhibited expression of the genes involved in the aerobic respiratory chain and activated expression of genes responsible for anaerobic electron acceptor genes.

IMPORTANCE The members of the nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus spp. have great potential to be used as a bacterial fertilizer in agriculture. However, the functions of the fnr gene(s) in nitrogen fixation and other metabolisms in Paenibacillus spp. are not known. Here, we found that in P. polymyxa WLY78, Fnr1 and Fnr3 were responsible for regulation of numerous genes in response to changes in oxygen levels, but Fnr5 and Fnr7 exhibited little effect. Fnr1 and Fnr3 indirectly or directly regulated many types of important metabolism, such as nitrogen fixation, Fe uptake, respiration, and electron transport. This study not only reveals the function of the fnr genes of P. polymyxa WLY78 in nitrogen fixation and other metabolisms but also will provide insight into the evolution and regulatory mechanisms of fnr in Paenibacillus.




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Salivary AMY1 Copy Number Variation Modifies Age-Related Type 2 Diabetes Risk

Abstract
Background
Copy number variation (CNV) in the salivary amylase gene (AMY1) modulates salivary α-amylase levels and is associated with postprandial glycemic traits. Whether AMY1-CNV plays a role in age-mediated change in insulin resistance (IR) is uncertain.
Methods
We measured AMY1-CNV using duplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in two studies, the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS, n = 749) and the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drug and Diet Network study (GOLDN, n = 980), and plasma metabolomic profiles in the BPRHS. We examined the interaction between AMY1-CNV and age by assessing the relationship between age with glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes (T2D) according to high or low copy numbers of the AMY1 gene. Furthermore, we investigated associations between metabolites and interacting effects of AMY1-CNV and age on T2D risk.
Results
We found positive associations of IR with age among subjects with low AMY1-copy-numbers in both studies. T2D was marginally correlated with age in participants with low AMY1-copy-numbers but not with high AMY1-copy-numbers in the BPRHS. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis identified the pentose metabolic pathway based on metabolites that were associated with both IR and the interactions between AMY1-CNV and age. Moreover, in older participants, high AMY1-copy-numbers tended to be associated with lower levels of ribonic acid, erythronic acid, and arabinonic acid, all of which were positively associated with IR.
Conclusions
We found evidence supporting a role of AMY1-CNV in modifying the relationship between age and IR. Individuals with low AMY1-copy-numbers tend to have increased IR with advancing age.




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Lactic Acidosis after Drinking Mysterious Beverage

ethylene glycol poisoninglactateanalytical interference




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Education makes people take their medication: myth or maxim?

It is a source of frustration to many clinicians: you know what the patient's problem is, you know that effective and safe treatment is available, you've explained the disease and its causative mechanisms, the treatment and its principles, and the importance of taking the controller medication daily, you've prescribed this highly effective therapy and you've approached the patient with respect and patience, yet somehow the patient does not take the medication. When this patient has another exacerbation, you know it could have been prevented by following your advice and taking the medication.




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Additional safety consideration for azithromycin in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection [Letters]




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Myositis from intramuscular oil injections in a bodybuilder [Practice]




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Caseum: a Niche for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug-Tolerant Persisters [Reviews]

Caseum, the central necrotic material of tuberculous lesions, is a reservoir of drug-recalcitrant persisting mycobacteria. Caseum is found in closed nodules and in open cavities connecting with an airway. Several commonly accepted characteristics of caseum were established during the preantibiotic era, when autopsies of deceased tuberculosis (TB) patients were common but methodologies were limited. These pioneering studies generated concepts such as acidic pH, low oxygen tension, and paucity of nutrients being the drivers of nonreplication and persistence in caseum. Here we review widely accepted beliefs about the caseum-specific stress factors thought to trigger the shift of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to drug tolerance. Our current state of knowledge reveals that M. tuberculosis is faced with a lipid-rich diet rather than nutrient deprivation in caseum. Variable caseum pH is seen across lesions, possibly transiently acidic in young lesions but overall near neutral in most mature lesions. Oxygen tension is low in the avascular caseum of closed nodules and high at the cavity surface, and a gradient of decreasing oxygen tension likely forms toward the cavity wall. Since caseum is largely made of infected and necrotized macrophages filled with lipid droplets, the microenvironmental conditions encountered by M. tuberculosis in foamy macrophages and in caseum bear many similarities. While there remain a few knowledge gaps, these findings constitute a solid starting point to develop high-throughput drug discovery assays that combine the right balance of oxygen tension, pH, lipid abundance, and lipid species to model the profound drug tolerance of M. tuberculosis in caseum.




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Preclinical Activity of JNJ-7957, a Novel BCMAxCD3 Bispecific Antibody for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma, Is Potentiated by Daratumumab

Purpose:

Multiple myeloma (MM) patients with disease refractory to all available drugs have a poor outcome, indicating the need for new agents with novel mechanisms of action.

Experimental Design:

We evaluated the anti-MM activity of the fully human BCMAxCD3 bispecific antibody JNJ-7957 in cell lines and bone marrow (BM) samples. The impact of several tumor- and host-related factors on sensitivity to JNJ-7957 therapy was also evaluated.

Results:

We show that JNJ-7957 has potent activity against 4 MM cell lines, against tumor cells in 48 of 49 BM samples obtained from MM patients, and in 5 of 6 BM samples obtained from primary plasma cell leukemia patients. JNJ-7957 activity was significantly enhanced in patients with prior daratumumab treatment, which was partially due to enhanced killing capacity of daratumumab-exposed effector cells. BCMA expression did not affect activity of JNJ-7957. High T-cell frequencies and high effector:target ratios were associated with improved JNJ-7957–mediated lysis of MM cells. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis had a modest negative impact on JNJ-7957 activity against tumor cells from daratumumab-naïve MM patients. Soluble BCMA impaired the ability of JNJ-7957 to kill MM cells, although higher concentrations were able to overcome this negative effect.

Conclusions:

JNJ-7957 effectively kills MM cells ex vivo, including those from heavily pretreated MM patients, whereby several components of the immunosuppressive BM microenvironment had only modest effects on its killing capacity. Our findings support the ongoing trial with JNJ-7957 as single agent and provide the preclinical rationale for evaluating JNJ-7957 in combination with daratumumab in MM.




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Systematic Review of Whole-Genome Sequencing Data To Predict Phenotypic Drug Resistance and Susceptibility in Swedish Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates, 2016 to 2018 [Mechanisms of Resistance]

In this retrospective study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data generated on an Ion Torrent platform was used to predict phenotypic drug resistance profiles for first- and second-line drugs among Swedish clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from 2016 to 2018. The accuracy was ~99% for all first-line drugs and 100% for four second-line drugs. Our analysis supports the introduction of WGS into routine diagnostics, which might, at least in Sweden, replace phenotypic drug susceptibility testing in the future.




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Synergistic Interactions of Indole-2-Carboxamides and {beta}-Lactam Antibiotics against Mycobacterium abscessus [Mechanisms of Action]

New drugs or therapeutic combinations are urgently needed against Mycobacterium abscessus. Previously, we demonstrated the potent activity of indole-2-carboxamides 6 and 12 against M. abscessus. We show here that these compounds act synergistically with imipenem and cefoxitin in vitro and increase the bactericidal activity of the β-lactams against M. abscessus. In addition, compound 12 also displays synergism with imipenem and cefoxitin within infected macrophages. The clinical potential of these new drug combinations requires further evaluation.




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KatG as Counterselection Marker for Nontuberculous Mycobacteria [Letters]




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Genomic Characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains from 2016 U.S. Sentinel Surveillance Displaying Reduced Susceptibility to Azithromycin [Epidemiology and Surveillance]

In 2016, the proportion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced susceptibility to azithromycin rose to 3.6%. A phylogenetic analysis of 334 N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected in 2016 revealed a single, geographically diverse lineage of isolates with MICs of 2 to 16 μg/ml that carried a mosaic-like mtr locus, whereas the majority of isolates with MICs of ≥16 μg/ml appeared sporadically and carried 23S rRNA mutations. Continued molecular surveillance of N. gonorrhoeae isolates will identify new resistance mechanisms.




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Synergistic Activity of Clofazimine and Clarithromycin in an Aerosol Mouse Model of Mycobacterium avium Infection [Experimental Therapeutics]

Infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have a poor prognosis in patients with underlying respiratory diseases. Clofazimine (CFZ) showed both experimental and clinical promising results against clinically relevant NTM. However, there are no data on CFZ in combination with the current recommended treatment; therefore, we aimed to study its in vivo activity in an aerosol mouse model of Mycobacterium avium. In an aerosol infection BALB/c mouse model using M. avium strain Chester, we treated 58 mice with four combinations of rifampin (RIF) at 10 mg/kg, CFZ at 25 mg/kg, and clarithromycin (CLR) and ethambutol (EMB) at 100 mg/kg. Treatment efficacy was assessed on the basis of lung CFU counts after 2 (M2) and 4 (M4) months of treatment. At M2, CLR-RIF-EMB was slightly but significantly more efficient than CFZ-RIF-EMB (3.02 ± 0.12 versus 3.55 ± 0.28, respectively, P < 0.01), whereas CLR-CFZ-EMB and CLR-CFZ-RIF-EMB dramatically decreased lung CFU counts by 4.32 and 4.47 log10, respectively, compared to untreated group. At M4, CLR-RIF-EMB was significantly more efficient than CFZ-RIF-EMB (2 ± 0.53 versus 2.66 ± 0.22, respectively, P = 0.01). The addition of CLZ to CLR dramatically decreased the lung CFU count, with CFU counts 5.41 and 5.79 log10 lower in the CLR-CFZ-EMB and CLR-CFZ-RIF-EMB groups, respectively, than in the untreated group. The addition of CFZ to CLR seems to improve the efficacy of CLR as early as M2 and was confirmed at M4. CFZ, in addition to RIF and EMB, on the other hand, is less effective than CLR-RIF-EMB. These results need to be confirmed by similar studies along with CFZ potential for shortening treatment.




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Tedizolid as Step-Down Therapy following Daptomycin versus Continuation of Daptomycin against Enterococci and Methicillin- and Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Rat Endocarditis Model [Experimental Therapeutics]

Tedizolid (TZD) and daptomycin (DAP) were assessed in a rat endocarditis model against Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium (resistant to vancomycin and ampicillin), and Staphylococcus aureus. As a monotherapy, TZD for 5 days was not effective in a comparison with no-treatment controls, while DAP for 5 days was significantly effective against these bacteria. Step-down therapy (DAP for 3 days followed by TZD for 2 days) was as effective as DAP for 5 days and was comparable to 3 days of DAP plus ceftriaxone against all bacteria and to 3 days of DAP plus gentamicin against E. faecalis OG1RF.




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Evaluation of Dose-Fractionated Polymyxin B on Acute Kidney Injury Using a Translational In Vivo Rat Model [Pharmacology]

We investigated dose-fractionated polymyxin B (PB) on acute kidney injury (AKI). PB at 12 mg of drug/kg of body weight per day (once, twice, and thrice daily) was administered in rats over 72 h. The thrice-daily group demonstrated the highest KIM-1 increase (P = 0.018) versus that of the controls (P = 0.99) and histopathological damage (P = 0.013). A three-compartment model best described the data (bias, 0.129 mg/liter; imprecision, 0.729 mg2/liter2; R2, 0.652,). Area under the concentration-time curve at 24 h (AUC24) values were similar (P = 0.87). The thrice-daily dosing scheme resulted in the most PB-associated AKI in a rat model.




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Impact of Daptomycin Dose Exposure Alone or in Combination with {beta}-Lactams or Rifampin against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in an In Vitro Biofilm Model [Susceptibility]

Enterococcus faecium strains are commonly resistant to vancomycin and β-lactams. In addition, E. faecium often causes biofilm-associated infections and these infections are difficult to treat. In this context, we investigated the activity of dosing regimens using daptomycin (DAP) (8, 10, 12, and 14 mg/kg of body weight/day) alone and in combination with ceftaroline (CPT), ampicillin (AMP), ertapenem (ERT), and rifampin (RIF) against 2 clinical strains of biofilm-producing vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm), namely, strains S447 and HOU503, in an in vitro biofilm model. HOU503 harbors common LiaS and LiaR substitutions, whereas S447 lacks mutations associated with the LiaFSR pathway. MIC results demonstrated that both strains were susceptible to DAP and resistant to CPT, AMP, ERT, and RIF. The 168-h pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) CDC biofilm reactor models (simulating human antibiotic exposures) were used with titanium and polyurethane coupons to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic combinations. DAP 12 and 14 achieved bactericidal activity against S447 but lacked such effect against HOU503. Addition of ERT and RIF enhanced DAP activity, allowing DAP 8 and 10 plus ERT or RIF to produce bactericidal activity against both strains at 168 h. While DAP 8 and 10 plus CPT improved killing, they did not reach bactericidal reduction against S447. Combination of AMP, CPT, ERT, or RIF resulted in enhanced and bactericidal activity for DAP against HOU503 at 168 h. Our data provide further support for the use of combinations of DAP with AMP, ERT, CPT, and RIF in infections caused by biofilm producing VREfm. Further research involving DAP combinations against biofilm-producing enterococci is warranted.




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Adduct Formation of Delamanid with NAD in Mycobacteria [Mechanisms of Action]

Delamanid (DLM), a nitro-dihydroimidazooxazole derivative currently approved for pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) therapy, is a prodrug activated by mycobacterial 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy 5-deazaflavin electron transfer coenzyme (F420)-dependent nitroreductase (Ddn). Despite inhibiting the biosynthesis of a subclass of mycolic acids, the active DLM metabolite remained unknown. Comparative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of DLM metabolites revealed covalent binding of reduced DLM with a nicotinamide ring of NAD derivatives (oxidized form) in DLM-treated Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. Bacille de Calmette et Guérin. Isoniazid-resistant mutations in the type II NADH dehydrogenase gene (ndh) showed a higher intracellular NADH/NAD ratio and cross-resistance to DLM, which were restored by complementation of the mutants with wild-type ndh. Our data demonstrated for the first time the adduct formation of reduced DLM with NAD in mycobacterial cells and its importance in the action of DLM.




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ISEcp1-Mediated Transposition Leads to Fosfomycin and Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae [Mechanisms of Resistance]

A fosfomycin-resistant and carbapenemase (OXA-48)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate was recovered, and whole-genome sequencing revealed ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-14b tandemly inserted upstream of the chromosomally encoded lysR-fosA locus. Quantitative evaluation of the expression of lysR and fosA genes showed that this insertion brought a strong hybrid promoter leading to overexpression of the fosA gene, resulting in fosfomycin resistance. This work showed the concomitant acquisition of resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and fosfomycin due to a single genetic event.




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Defining an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma endotype [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common childhood soft-tissue sarcoma. The largest subtype of RMS is embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) and accounts for 53% of all RMS. ERMS typically occurs in the head and neck region, bladder, or reproductive organs and portends a promising prognosis when localized; however, when metastatic the 5-yr overall survival rate is ~43%. The genomic landscape of ERMS demonstrates a range of putative driver mutations, and thus the recognition of the pathological mechanisms driving tumor maintenance should be critical for identifying effective targeted treatments at the level of the individual patients. Here, we report genomic, phenotypic, and bioinformatic analyses for a case of a 3-yr-old male who presented with bladder ERMS. Additionally, we use an unsupervised agglomerative clustering analysis of RNA and whole-exome sequencing data across ERMS and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) tumor samples to determine several major endotypes inferring potential targeted treatments for a spectrum of pediatric ERMS patient cases.




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The diagnostic challenges and clinical course of a myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with eosinophilia and ZBTB20-JAK2 gene fusion presenting as B-lymphoblastic leukemia [RESEARCH REPORT]

We report the diagnostic challenges and the clinical course of a patient with an extraordinary presentation of B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with eosinophilia. We identified a novel ZBTB20-JAK2 gene fusion as a chimeric RNA transcript using the Archer platform. This gene fusion from the same patient was recently identified by Peterson et al. (2019) at the genomic level using a different sequencing technology platform. The configuration of this gene fusion predicts the production of a kinase-activating JAK2 fusion protein, which would normally lead to a diagnosis of Philadelphia chromosome–like B-ALL (Ph-like B-ALL). However, the unusual presentation of eosinophilia led us to demonstrate the presence of this gene fusion in nonlymphoid hematopoietic cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies with morphologic correlation. Therefore, we believe this disease, in fact, represents blast crisis arising from an underlying myeloid neoplasm with JAK2 rearrangements. This case illustrates the difficulty in differentiating Ph-like B-ALL and myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with eosinophilia and gene rearrangements (MLN-EGR) in blast crisis. As currently defined, the diagnosis of MLN-EGR relies on the hematologic presentations and the identification of marker gene fusions (including PCM1-JAK2, ETV6-JAK2, and BCR-JAK2). However, these same gene fusions, when limited to B-lymphoblasts, also define Ph-like B-ALL. Yet, our case does not conform to either condition. Therefore, the assessment for lineage restriction of gene rearrangements to reflect the pathophysiologic difference between B-ALL and MLN-EGR in blast crisis is likely a more robust diagnostic approach and allows the inclusion of MLN-EGR with novel gene fusions.




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MEF2c-Dependent Downregulation of Myocilin Mediates Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting and Associates with Cachexia in Patients with Cancer

Skeletal muscle wasting is a devastating consequence of cancer that contributes to increased complications and poor survival, but is not well understood at the molecular level. Herein, we investigated the role of Myocilin (Myoc), a skeletal muscle hypertrophy-promoting protein that we showed is downregulated in multiple mouse models of cancer cachexia. Loss of Myoc alone was sufficient to induce phenotypes identified in mouse models of cancer cachexia, including muscle fiber atrophy, sarcolemmal fragility, and impaired muscle regeneration. By 18 months of age, mice deficient in Myoc showed significant skeletal muscle remodeling, characterized by increased fat and collagen deposition compared with wild-type mice, thus also supporting Myoc as a regulator of muscle quality. In cancer cachexia models, maintaining skeletal muscle expression of Myoc significantly attenuated muscle loss, while mice lacking Myoc showed enhanced muscle wasting. Furthermore, we identified the myocyte enhancer factor 2 C (MEF2C) transcription factor as a key upstream activator of Myoc whose gain of function significantly deterred cancer-induced muscle wasting and dysfunction in a preclinical model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Finally, compared with noncancer control patients, MYOC was significantly reduced in skeletal muscle of patients with PDAC defined as cachectic and correlated with MEF2c. These data therefore identify disruptions in MEF2c-dependent transcription of Myoc as a novel mechanism of cancer-associated muscle wasting that is similarly disrupted in muscle of patients with cachectic cancer.Significance:This work identifies a novel transcriptional mechanism that mediates skeletal muscle wasting in murine models of cancer cachexia that is disrupted in skeletal muscle of patients with cancer exhibiting cachexia.




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[PERSPECTIVES] Myeloid Cells in Metastasis

Metastatic disease is the leading cause of death in patients with solid cancers. The progression to metastasis is a multistep process that involves detachment of tumor cells from their constraining basement membrane at the primary site, migration and intravasation into the circulation, survival in the circulation, extravasation into the secondary organ, and survival and growth at the secondary site. During these steps, tumor and immune cells interact and influence each other both within the tumor microenvironment and systemically. In particular, myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (myeloid regulatory cells) have been shown to play important roles in the metastatic process. These interactions open new avenues for targeting cancer metastasis, especially given the increasing interest in development of cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we describe the currently reported pathways and mechanisms involved in myeloid cell enhancement of the metastatic cascade.




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Facial Nerve Arterial Arcade Supply in Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Anatomy and Treatment Strategies [INTERVENTIONAL]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Endovascular treatment of petrous dural AVFs may carry a risk of iatrogenic facial nerve palsy if the facial nerve arterial arcade, an anastomotic arterial arch that supplies the geniculate ganglion, is not respected or recognized. Our purpose was to demonstrate that the use of a treatment strategy algorithm incorporating detailed angiographic anatomic assessment allows identification of the facial nerve arterial arcade and therefore safe endovascular treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive petrous dural AVF cases managed at Toronto Western Hospital between 2006 and 2018. Our standard of care consists of detailed angiographic assessment followed by multidisciplinary discussion on management. Arterial supply, primary and secondary treatments undertaken, angiographic outcomes, and clinical outcomes were assessed by 2 independent fellowship-trained interventional neuroradiologists.

RESULTS:

Fifteen patients had 15 fistulas localized over the petrous temporal bone. Fistulas in all 15 patients had direct cortical venous drainage and received at least partial supply from the facial nerve arterial arcade. Following multidisciplinary evaluation, treatment was performed by endovascular embolization in 8 patients (53%) and microsurgical disconnection in 7 patients (47%). All patients had long-term angiographic cure, and none developed iatrogenic facial nerve palsy.

CONCLUSIONS:

By means of our treatment strategy based on detailed angiographic assessment and multidisciplinary discussion, approximately half of our patients with petrous AVFs were cured by endovascular treatment, half were cured by an operation, and all had preserved facial nerve function.




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White Matter Disease and Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke [INTERVENTIONAL]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

The increased severity of white matter disease is associated with worse outcomes and an increased rate of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with ischemic stroke undergoing thrombolytic treatment. However, whether white matter disease is associated with outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular treatment remains unclear.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this prespecified exploratory analysis of our prospective multi-institutional study that enrolled consecutive adult patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular treatment from November 2017 to September 2018, we compared the following outcomes between patients with none-to-minimal (van Swieten score, 0–2) and moderate-to-severe (van Swieten score, 3–4) white matter disease using logistic regression: 90-day mRS 3–6, death, intracerebral hemorrhage, successful recanalization, and early neurologic recovery.

RESULTS:

Of the 485 patients enrolled in the Blood Pressure after Endovascular Stroke Therapy (BEST) study, 389 had white matter disease graded (50% women; median age, 68 years; range, 58–79 years). A van Swieten score of 3–4 (n = 74/389, 19%) was associated with a higher rate of 90-day mRS of 3–6 (45% versus 18%; adjusted OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.34–5.93; P = .008). Although the death rate was higher in patients with van Swieten scores of 3–4 (26% versus 15%), the adjusted likelihood was not significantly different (adjusted OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.56–2.26; P = .710). Ordered regression revealed a shift toward worse mRS scores with increasing van Swieten scores (adjusted common OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.93–4.84; P < .001). No associations between white matter disease severity and intracerebral hemorrhage, successful recanalization, and early neurologic recovery were observed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Moderate-to-severe white matter disease is associated with worse outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular treatment without a significant increase in hemorrhagic complications. Studies comparing patients with and without endovascular treatment are necessary to determine whether the benefit of endovascular treatment is attenuated with greater white matter disease.




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Save the Brain First: CTA and Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients at Risk for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy [article-commentary]




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The Lateral Ventricles: A Detailed Review of Anatomy, Development, and Anatomic Variations [review-article]

SUMMARY:

The cerebral ventricles have been studied since the fourth century BC and were originally thought to harbor the soul and higher executive functions. During the infancy of neuroradiology, alterations to the ventricular shape and position on pneumoencephalography and ventriculography were signs of mass effect or volume loss. However, in the current era of high-resolution cross-sectional imaging, variation in ventricular anatomy is more easily detectable and its clinical significance is still being investigated. Interpreting radiologists must be aware of anatomic variations of the ventricular system to prevent mistaking normal variants for pathology. We will review of the anatomy and development of the lateral ventricles and discuss several ventricular variations.




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Bán shophouse Homyland 3 ngay trung tâm Quận 2, vô cùng phù hợp để kinh doanh, DT 90m2 giá 7.5 tỷ

Em Nhi chuyên bán căn hộ Homyland 3, shophouse, căn hộ officetel. Gọi ngay 0944 589 718 (zalo). Vị trí Homyland đắc địa ngay khu dân cư sầm uất, rất dễ kinh doanh mở quán café. Hiện tại giỏ hàng công ty em có. Cho thuê căn 02 - 40 triệu, 03 - 30 triệu, 08 - 30 triệu, 09 - 35 triệ...




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Bán shophouse Midtown - The Signature M7 Phú Mỹ Hưng - Shop 44 - 45.9 tỷ 0946.699.009

Bán ShopHouse căn 44 - Toà nhà hình trứng - The Signature M7, vị trí đẹp độc nhất dự án Midtown Phú Mỹ Hưng. Phú Mỹ Hưng Midtown nằm trên thế đất địa linh, vượng khí sinh tài lộc mà không phải dự án nào trong Phú Mỹ Hưng cũng sở hữu: + Cách một cây cầu là đến khu Thương mại...




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Bán căn shop Q7 Boulevard MT Nguyễn Lương Bằng-Phú Mỹ Hưng Q7 sắp nhận nhà, CK7-10%. LH: 0901378179

Tiếp nối những thành công từ các dự án Florita, Sài Gòn Mia, Citizen, 91 Phạm Văn Hai, Sky Center, Melody Residences, dòng sản phẩm 8X... Chủ đầu tư Hưng Thịnh tiếp tục cho ra đời căn hộ cao cấp Q7 Boulevard liền kề Phú Mỹ Hưng quận 7 vị trí vàng cực kỳ đắc địa. 1. Tổng quan về d...




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Bán suất đất nền ngoại giao trung tâm thị xã Mỹ Hào - Hưng Yên 87m2 giá 19tr/m2 MT 5m: 0983142869

Tên dự án: Khu đô thị Yên Sơn. Chủ đầu tư: Hợp tác đầu tư giữa Công ty CP Yên Sơn và Công ty TNHH Công Nghiệp Thực Phẩm Quốc Tế, trong đó Công ty CP Yên Sơn đứng tên trên hồ sơ Dự án. Mật độ xây dựng: 53,4%. Diện tích, quy mô dự án: 17,2 hecta. Khu đô thị với đầu đủ tiện ích.Diện...




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Chiết khấu khủng từ CĐT khi sở hữu đất nền Phú Mỹ ngay trung tâm BR-VT.Hotline:0973425555

Nhanh tay sở hữu ngay Đất Nền Phú Mỹ ngay hôm nay với giá cực ưu đãi, Sổ hồng riêng-Công chứng sang tên trong ngày. Lh: 0973425555 Phú Mỹ Future City là khu đô thị hiện đại ngay trung tâm Thành phố Cảng Phú Mỹ ( Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu), là cửa ngõ giao thương liên vùng Bà Rịa – Vũng ...




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Văn phòng độc đáo ở Mỹ có không gian vui chơi dành cho chó

Là thiết kế của hãng kiến trúc NBBJ, văn phòng của công ty sản xuất đồ chơi, vật dụng dành cho chó cưng ở Ohio, Mỹ có những ngóc ngách kiểu giường tầng và khu vui chơi để những chú chó có thể chạy nhảy, chơi đùa ngay trong không gian làm việc của nhân viên công ty.




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Nice villa for rent in My Giang, Phu My Hung area, Dist.7, Ho Chi Minh City

Nice villa for rent in My Giang, Phu My Hung area, Dist.7, Ho Chi Minh City: Location: in the heart of Phu My Hung, near Crescent Mall, Starlight Bridge, SSIS school, very big park, security, quite, Size: 7x18m2, ground and 2 floors, 3 Bedrooms, 1 small room, 3 bathrooms. New de...




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Nice villa for rent in My Giang, Phu My Hung area, Dist.7, Ho Chi Minh City

Nice a villa for rent in My Giang, Phu My Hung area, Dist.7, Ho Chi Minh City. location: in the heart of Phu My Hung, near Crescent Mall, Starlight Bridge, very big park... Size: 7x18m2, ground and 2 floors, 3 Bedrooms, 1 small room, 3 bathrooms. New decoration, fully furnished. ...




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Villa/house/penthouse for rent in Phu My Hung, district 7. Contact: Ms Anh 0919472693

* Townhouses, single villas, duplex villas... for rent. - Design: 3-5 bedrooms & 3-4 WCs, 2 floors with garden and garage. (180sqm-400sqm) * Penthouse: 2-4 bedrooms & 3WCs, 2 floors with garden and big bacolny. (170sqm-300sqm) All included: - Pool & Gym - Security 24/24. - The b...




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Villa for Rent 1 night - Phu My Hung, District 7 - 5 bedrooms, swimming pool - 0938.790.614

Swimming Pool Villa in Phu My Hung Rental: only 500$/nightIncluded: - 5 bedrooms. 5 toilets - Swimming pool inside, Sauna room, Karaoke room... - Fully furnished | Nice decoration - Security 24/24 | Parking car slot - Convenient store, big park, playground for kids...5 - 10 mins ...




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Nam Long Villa For Rent in Phu My Hung-Tan Phong Ward-Dist 7- 425 sqm- Negotiable Price

NAM LONG VILLA FOR RENT IN PHU MY HUNG- TAN PHONG WARD- DISTRICT 7 - Including 5 bedrooms, 1 basement, 2 floors, 1 loft - Sauna, swimming pool, karaoke room, gym - Area: 17*25 - The Rental Price : contact Please do not hesitate to contact me via 0907894503 Mr.Le for further infor...




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For Rent Nam Thong Villa In Phu My Hung- Tan Phong Ward- District 7-216 sqm- $2400/Month

FOR RENT NAM THONG VILLA IN PHU MY HUNG TAN PHONG WARD DISTRICT 7 - Area : 12x18 - Location: is located at the corner, 2 facade street - The house is designed a basement, a ground floor, 2 floors - A new house - The Rental Price : $2400/Month equivalent to VND 55,200,000/Month ...




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Leasing My Hao Villa in Phu My Hung, Tan Phong Ward, District 7 -580 sqm, $7000/ Month

Leasing My Hao Villa In Phu My Hung- Tan Phong Ward- District 7 - Land Area: 17.5* 17.5 - Constructive Area: 580 sqm - The house has Southern Direction, a new house. - Fully furnished, luxury interior - The house is designed 2 floors, including 5 bedrooms, 6 bathrooms - Rental F...




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Garden villa for rent in Phu My Hung, District 7, HCMC-126 sqm- 46 million vnd/Month

Garden villa for rent in Phu My Hung, District 7, HCMC -Location: My Giang- Phu My Hung- D7-Ho Chi Minh City -Area:126 sqm -Floors:02 -Bedrooms: 04 -Toilets: 04 -Working room: 01 -Fully furnished -Security:24/24 The vill is located near Anh Sao Bridge, Crescent Mall, near SSIS s...




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For Sale And For Rent My Tu Villa- Tan Phong Ward- Dist 7- 254sqm- $1300/Month- 12,7 Billion

FOR SALE AND FOR RENT MY TU VILLA- TAN PHONG WARD- DISTRICT 7 - Location: On Ly Long Tuong Street, Tan Phong Ward, District 7 - The villa has designed at the ground floor, with 4 bedrooms and 3 toilets, basic furniture - Area: 254 sqm, with private cars parking, swimming pool - R...




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My Phu 2, Phu My Hung, HCMC - Phu My Hung Villa for rent. Price: 2.500$/month

For Rent Phu My Hung Villa- Private swimming pool, 3 bedrooms or 4 bedrooms- Fully furnished, nice interior- The best rental : VND 55,128,000/Month- Priority for rent : living in familiy, doing representative office For your needs, please contact us for more information via phone...




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Leasing My Giang Villa, Phu My Hung, District 7 - 7*18 sqm, 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms - $2200/Month

Leasing My Giang Villa in Phu My Hung, District 7 Area: 7*18 sqm, 3bedrooms, 2 bathrooms Fully furnished Nearly SSIS, Cresent Walk, Ho Ban Nguyet Park, Starlight Bridge, etc. Rental price: ONLY 2200 USD/ month equivalent to VND 50,886,000/ Month__________________ Please do not h...




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House for rent - My Giang Villa, Phu My Hung, Tan Phong Ward, District 7 - 126 sqm - $2200/Month

House for rent - My Giang Villa, Phu My Hung, Tan Phong Ward, District 7 - Area: 126 sqm - Design: 4 bedrooms, fully furnished - Front: 17.5 sqm - Near Anh Sao Bridge, Crescent Mall, FV Hospital, etc. - Rental price : $2200/ Month, equivalent to VND 50,600,000/Month - a nice hous...




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Phu My - Van Phat Hung Villa For Rent, Price 2000$-2200$/Month

PHU MY - VAN PHAT HUNG VILLA FOR RENT - Land area: 10mx25m; Usable area: 440 sqm (15mx8m) - Rental : from 2000$ to 2200$/ Month equivalent to VND 46,520,000/Month - The villa has 3 floors, a terrace, and a rooftop. - Has a garage for parking, 3 large bedrooms, a small bedroom, a ...




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For rent My Gia Villa in Phu My Hung- Dist 7- 220 sqm- $2000/Month- Contact: 0907894503 Mr.Le

For sale or for rent My Gia villa in PMH -Tan Phu Ward - District 7 -Location: at the corner of the Park Corner, southeast Room area: 11x20m2, with 2 floors and 5 bedrooms with 5 toilets Price: 34 billion Price: 2000 $/month The gold moment for deciding investmentGet and...




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Cần bán khuôn viên nghỉ dưỡng view mặt hồ cực thoáng tại TT Xuân Mai, Chương Mỹ, Hà Nội

- Quá tuyệt vời cho khu nghỉ dưỡng sau những ngày làm việc căng thẳng mệt mỏi. Lô đất với tổng diện tích 3000m2 có 300m2 đất ở còn lại là đất vườn liền kề. - Đất hơi thoai thoải bám mặt hồ lớn, trên đất có ao to mặt nước trong xanh, và khuôn viên hoàn thiện quá đẹp chỉ việc xách ...




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Bán gấp 2.2ha và 4.3ha (có thổ cư) vườn bưởi và ổi đang cho thu hoạch Xuân Đông, Cẩm Mỹ, Đồng Nai

Bán gấp 2.2 ha vườn bưởi và ổi đang cho thu hoạch. Đất gần trại bò Hoà Phát. Giáp sông Ray. Trên đất đã có đầy đủ hệ thống tưới tiêu tự động, và nhà ở. Đã rào bờ bao thép gai xung quanh. Rất phù cho xây dựng phát triển khu trang trại nghỉ dưỡng. Khách cần mua hết 4ha (4 mẫu) cũng...




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196m2 - 6m mặt tiền 3 tầng làm ngân hàng, phòng khám, thẩm mỹ viện, trụ sở VP mặt đường Nguyễn Trãi

Cho thuê nhà mới xây - mặt tiền 6m - diện tích 196m2 x 7 tầng nở hậu - có thang máy tại số 442 - 444 Nguyễn Trãi (có gara để được 80 - 100 chiếc xe máy + sân gửi xe ô tô rộng rãi ngay bên cạnh).+ Cho thuê riêng 3 tầng (1, 2, 3) làm ngân hàng, phòng khám, thẩm mỹ viện, trụ sở công...




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Cho thuê nhà phố Vinhomes Gardenia Hàm Nghi, Mỹ Đình, đẩy đủ nội thất. LH chủ nhà: 0966685333

Tôi có căn nhà phố Vinhomes Gardenia Hàm Nghi Mỹ Đình cần cho thuê tầng 1Diện tích sàn: 100m2.Khu này là phố đi bộ. Có vườn hoa ở giữa. Đường hai bên. Và ghế ngồi ngoài trời. Khu vực sầm uất tiện kinh doanh buôn bánGiá thỏa thuậnLiên hệ: Anh Doanh - 0966685333....