The Biden administration has sanctioned the West Darfur commander of the Rapid Support Forces on accusations that troops under his control have been responsible for violence targeting civilians.

Mahsa Altafi
Oct 23, 2024; 44:e0518242024-e0518242024
Systems/Circuits

Elena Neumann
Oct 9, 2024; 44:e0591242024-e0591242024
Systems/Circuits

GABAergic neurons and GABA_A receptors (GABA_ARs) are critical elements of almost all neuronal circuits. Most GABA_ARs of the CNS are heteropentameric ion channels composed of two α, two β, and one subunits. These receptors serve as important drug targets for benzodiazepine (BDZ) site agonists, which potentiate the action of GABA at GABA_ARs. Most GABA_AR classifications rely on the heterogeneity of the α subunit (α1–α6) included in the receptor complex. Heterogeneity of the subunits (1–3), which mediate synaptic clustering of GABA_ARs and contribute, together with α subunits, to the benzodiazepine (BDZ) binding site, has gained less attention, mainly because 2 subunits greatly outnumber the other subunits in most brain regions. Here, we have investigated a potential role of non-2 GABA_ARs in neural circuits of the spinal dorsal horn, a key site of nociceptive processing. Female and male mice were studied. We demonstrate that besides 2 subunits, 1 subunits are significantly expressed in the spinal dorsal horn, especially in its superficial layers. Unlike global 2 subunit deletion, which is lethal, spinal cord-specific loss of 2 subunits was well tolerated. GABA_AR clustering in the superficial dorsal horn remained largely unaffected and antihyperalgesic actions of HZ-166, a nonsedative BDZ site agonist, were partially retained. Our results thus suggest that the superficial dorsal horn harbors functionally relevant amounts of 1 subunits that support the synaptic clustering of GABA_ARs in this site. They further suggest that 1 containing GABA_ARs contribute to the spinal control of nociceptive information flow.

Neural circuits supporting innate behaviors, such as feeding, exploration, and social interaction, intermingle in the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Although previous studies have shown that individual LH neurons change their firing relative to the baseline during one or more behaviors, the firing rate dynamics of LH populations within behavioral episodes and the coordination of behavior-related LH populations remain largely unknown. Here, using unsupervised graph-based clustering of LH neurons firing rate dynamics in freely behaving male mice, we identified distinct populations of cells whose activity corresponds to feeding, specific times during feeding bouts, or other innate behaviors—social interaction and novel object exploration. Feeding-related cells fired together with a higher probability during slow and fast gamma oscillations (30–60 and 60–90 Hz) than during nonrhythmic epochs. In contrast, the cofiring of neurons signaling other behaviors than feeding was overall similar between slow gamma and nonrhythmic epochs but increased during fast gamma oscillations. These results reveal a neural organization of ethological hierarchies in the LH and point to behavior-specific motivational systems, the dysfunction of which may contribute to mental disorders.

Neuroinflammation can positively influence axon regeneration following injury in the central nervous system. Inflammation promotes the release of neurotrophic molecules and stimulates intrinsic proregenerative molecular machinery in neurons, but the detailed mechanisms driving this effect are not fully understood. We evaluated how microRNAs are regulated in retinal neurons in response to intraocular inflammation to identify their potential role in axon regeneration. We found that miR-383-5p is downregulated in retinal ganglion cells in response to zymosan-induced intraocular inflammation. MiR-383-5p downregulation in neurons is sufficient to promote axon growth in vitro, and the intravitreal injection of a miR-383-5p inhibitor into the eye promotes axon regeneration following optic nerve crush. MiR-383-5p directly targets ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor components, and miR-383-5p inhibition sensitizes adult retinal neurons to the outgrowth-promoting effects of CNTF. Interestingly, we also demonstrate that CNTF treatment is sufficient to reduce miR-383-5p levels in neurons, constituting a positive-feedback module, whereby initial CNTF treatment reduces miR-383-5p levels, which then disinhibits CNTF receptor components to sensitize neurons to the ligand. Additionally, miR-383-5p inhibition derepresses the mitochondrial antioxidant protein peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3) which was required for the proregenerative effects associated with miR-383-5p loss-of-function in vitro. We have thus identified a positive-feedback mechanism that facilitates neuronal CNTF sensitivity in neurons and a new molecular signaling module that promotes inflammation-induced axon regeneration.

The new findings bring storm researchers one step closer to solving the mystery of how lightning forms

Newfoundland filmmaker Justin Simms is releasing his latest film called Sons. It was prompted by the birth of his son and left him wondering how traditional masculine behaviour is learned.

How do you encapsulate everything that goes into a full week of teaching, worship music, workshops, meals and so much more? Enjoy a brief overview of TeenStreet 2019.

A new missions experience in Namibia is not as much a programme as it is a journey.

OM Costa Rica team members celebrated Emmanuel with their friends in a home for patients suffering from HIV and AIDS.

With the first charter school strike in the books—and teachers coming out victorious—experts say both unions and charter schools may need to rethink how they’ve long operated.

D.J. Higgins, a filmmaker and assistant teaching professor of film/video and music at Penn State Schuylkill, has directed and produced award-winning films, including his feature film "The Documentary," which won The Mike Vezza Experimental Award. Additionally, he is leading a community course on mental health in cinema, fostering dialogue on social issues. Higgins’ work in teaching, filmmaking, and local arts underscores his influence in both education and the arts.

A new method, developed by Penn State researchers, can test the activity of thousands of RNA enzymes, called ribozymes, in a single experiment.

A team of researchers at Penn State College of Medicine and collaborators from five different institutes has created a 3D atlas of developing mice brains, providing a more dynamic understanding of how the mammalian brain develops. This atlas provides a common reference and anatomical framework to help researchers understand brain development and study neurodevelopmental disorders.

Two social media efforts created by CommAgency for clients at Penn State were recognized with Education Digital Marketing Awards.

Offices in need of digital communications assistance for the spring 2025 semester can receive support from CommAgency, Penn State’s student-run media production agency. Clients for spring 2025 should inquire by Nov. 17, 2024.

Launched in 1969, the UK's oldest satellite, Skynet-1A, has moved significantly from its original position. Experts believe this was due to a deliberate command in the 1970s. The satellite now orbits over the Americas, near active satellite traffic, raising risks of collisions. Limited records exist regarding its control history, with suggestions of temporary US oversight. The UK’s Ministry of Defence is monitoring the satellite to prevent conflicts with modern space assets, but experts warn of increasing debris risk from aging satellites.

Lately, the director has been revealing a more philosophical side, often posting cryptic messages on social media

By incorporating this simple belly fat drink into your daily routine, you can take a significant step towards reducing inflammation, boosting your metabolism, and achieving your weight loss goals.

Three-year-old’s remains were found behind Smyrna softball field in 2019 On May 25,, Kristie Haas pled guilty to the lead charge of Murder by Abuse or Neglect First Degree for the killing of her three-year-old daughter, Emma Cole. In addition to Murder by Abuse or Neglect, Haas also pled guilty to three counts of Endangering the Welfare of a Child and one count of Abuse of a […]

   DOVER, DE (Aug. 19, 2022) – The Delaware Division of Public Health (DPH) reports that the 7-day average of new positive COVID-19 cases has declined since the previous monthly update in July. However, COVID-19 is still circulating in the community, and at higher levels in some counties. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) COVID-19 Community Levels data tracker, which was last […]

Nathaniel McQueen Jr., Secretary of the Department of Safety and Homeland Security, announced Major Elmer C. Harris as the Chief of the Delaware Capitol Police. The Department of Safety and Homeland Security (DSHS) and the Delaware Capitol Police (DCP) held a ceremony to mark the start of Chief Elmer C. Harris’s role as Chief of […]

Bangladesh is pinning its hopes on one of the nation's most acclaimed intellectuals to bring stability to a country scarred by coups and political upheaval.

We are currently setting up the Tempus flow and have ran into some mismatched data regarding ECO and timing reports. I generated a timing report before running ECO and saw six total setup violations. When running opt_signoff -setup, the initial setup summary that was printed in the shell only showed one violation. I can see that violation from the initial setup summary in my pre-ECO timing report and it is not the worst path. Upon further investigation, I forced the tool to try to fix setup on one of the other five violations from the timing report using the opt_signoff_select_setup_endpoints attribute and the tool said that the endpoint had positive slack and would be ignored.

Has anyone experienced something like this before?

Is there a skill command for "Assign Layout Instance terminals", this form appears when i click on define device correspondence and Bind the devices.

Also,

Problem Statement : i have a schematic with a couple of transistor symbols and and i alos have a corresponding layout view with respective layout transistors but they all are inside a pCell(created by me) i.e layout transistor called inside a custom Pcell. Now i have multiple symbols in schematic view and a single instance(pCell) in layout view. 
Is there a way how i can bind these schematic symbols with layout symbols inside the pCell(custom)? Even if i have to use cph commands i'm fine with it. need help here.

The idea here is to establish XL connectivity between the schematic symbols and corresponding layout transistors(inside the pCell).

Thanks,

Shankar

Hello,

I am trying to load some of the signals of the design saved in the signals.svwf to the waveform windown via the tcl file, I am using the following commands but nothing works, Can you please help 

 -submit waveform loadsignals -using "Waveform 2" FB1.svwf but it gives me the below error

-submit waveform new -reuse -name Waveforms

Hello,

I'm using OrCad 17.2 and in the company I'm wokring at there was a change in the database folder (from driver F to G for example) and it effects the option of synchronise using the Part Manager. and changing manually each part in the Desgin Cahce can be a pain.

Is there any way I can make a TCL script that will run and replace a part cahce with other? Better if I can call from a table to read, and write from other collum.

I would really be happy for an example.

Thanks for the help.

use the DBO function DboLib_RepalceCache to do the job of "Replace cache" 

in order to easy the job ,  type the code below . the code is a wrapper of the function metioned above

set lStatus [DboState]
set lSession $::DboSession_s_pDboSession
DboSession -this $lSession
set lDesignsIter [$lSession NewDesignsIter $lStatus]
set lDesign [$lDesignsIter NextDesign $lStatus]
set lNullObj NULL

set oldLibName [DboTclHelper_sMakeCString "E:\PROJECT_WORKLIB.OLB"]
set newLibName [DboTclHelper_sMakeCString "E:\MCU_PARTS_LIB.OLB"]

#DboLib_ReplaceCache wrapper
proc ReplaceCacheByName {partName} {
    global oldLibName
    global newLibName
    global lDesign
    set lPartStr [DboTclHelper_sMakeCString $partName]
    #set lNewStr [DboTclHelper_sMakeCString $newName]
    $lDesign ReplaceCache $lPartStr $oldLibName $lPartStr $newLibName 0 1
}

then use the tcl command like below to do the real job :

ReplaceCacheByName "CL10B104KB8NNNC_C12"

Hi,

I have a question about printing noise summary via maestro output expressions.

How can I print noise data using output expressions, for multiple levels of the hierarchy?

I have found this article which describe the procedure using ocnGenNoiseSummary() function: https://support.cadence.com/apex/ArticleAttachmentPortal?id=a1Od0000007MViHEAW&pageName=ArticleContent

I see also Andrew Beckett referring to the above mentioned article as a solution to a similar question: community.cadence.com/.../noise-summary-per-instance

However, this seems to work only if I'm to extract noise data from a single level of hierarchy.

If I have the output expression "ocnGenNoiseSummary(2 ?result 'hbnoise)", it will generate a "noisesummary" directory under results directory for a hierarchy level of 2.

If I am to extract data from various hierarchy levels, I should be able to generate multiple noise summary directories, such as noisesummary1, noisesummary2 where they correspond to "ocnGenNoiseSummary(1 ?result 'hbnoise)" & "ocnGenNoiseSummary(2 ?result 'hbnoise)", respectively. However this does not seem to be possible.

Can you please advice? Thanks.

My Cadence version: IC23.1-64b.ISR7.27

BR,

Denizhan Karaca

We are trying to run compilation, elab and sim with command xrun -r -u alu, where alu is one of the units to execute. we are getting the following errors.

1) xmsim: *E,DLMKDF: Unable to add default DEFINE std       /home/xxxx/Cad/xcelium/tools/inca/files/STD.
    xmsim: *E,DLMKDF: Unable to add default DEFINE synopsys  /home/xxxx/Cad/xcelium/tools/inca/files/SYNOPSYS

2) xmsim: *W,DLNOHV: Unable to find an 'hdl.var' file to load in.

What is the purpose of hdl.var

3) xmsim: *F,NOSNAP: Snapshot 'alu' does not exist in the libraries.

I cannot see in log files, which libraries is it referring to??

Any one request you to help on how to debug these.

Hi

I have tried using "add net constraints" command to place one-cold constraints on a tristate enable bus. In the command line we need to specify the "net pathname" on which the constraints are to be enforced.

The bus here is 20-bit. How should the net pathname be specified to make this 20-bit bus signals one_hot or one_cold.

The bus was declared as follows:
ten_bus [19:0]

The command I used was

add net constraints one_hot /ren_bus[19]

What would the above command mean?
Should we not specify all the nets' pathnames on the bus?
Is it sufficient to specify the pathname of one net on the bus?
I could not get much info regarding the functionality of this command. I would be obliged if anyone can throw some light.

Thanks
Prasad.

Austrade’s ‘market in focus’ toolkit provides information and resources to help you better understand the Papua New Guinea education market.

Editor’s note: The name of NIM Agent Blueprints was changed to NVIDIA Blueprints in October 2024. All references to the name have been updated in this blog. Enterprises and public sector organizations around the world are developing AI agents to boost the capabilities of workforces that rely on visual information from a growing number of Read Article

Washington — The United States sanctioned a senior Sudanese paramilitary official on Tuesday, accusing him of overseeing human rights abuses in his country's West Darfur region.  The Treasury Department announced the sanctions on Abdel Rahman Joma'a Barakallah, a commander with Sudan's paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which it accused of being "a primary party responsible for the ongoing violence against civilians in Sudan." Sudan has been gripped by a deadly conflict since April 2023 between the army, led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the RSF, led by his former deputy, General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, who is also known as Hemedti.   In a statement, the Treasury said the RSF's campaign in West Darfur "was marked by credible claims of serious human rights abuses, including targeting of civilians, conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV), and ethnically motivated violence."  U.N. experts have estimated that the RSF, with the support of Arab militias, have killed between 10,000 and 15,000 people in the West Darfur town of El-Geneina alone. "Today's action underscores our commitment to hold accountable those who seek to facilitate these horrific acts of violence against vulnerable civilian populations in Sudan," Treasury acting under secretary for terrorism and financial intelligence Bradley Smith said in a statement.  "The United States remains focused on supporting an end to this conflict and calls on both sides to participate in peace talks and ensure the basic human rights of all Sudanese civilians," he added.

Responding to the World Cup disappointment in India, the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) named former all-rounder Mohammad Hafeez as the team director on Wednesday. In an official statement on X, the PCB disclosed the restructuring of the coaching staff’s portfolio, emphasizing that “all coaches will continue to work in the National Cricket Academy while PCB ... Read more

The post Pakistan Cricket Board Appoints Mohammad Hafeez as Team Director appeared first on Pakistan Tribune.

While the expansion of democracy is a key condition for peace, the Achilles’ heel of democracies is that their leaders are constrained by electoral calendars, forcing them to push for peace or delay, whereas autocracies can afford to play the long game to achieve the favorable outcomes they desire. Take, for example, the current wars […]

[Shabelle] Mogadishu -- In a strategic move to bolster Somalia's defense apparatus, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud has made key changes in the military hierarchy, appointing General Sahal Abdullahi Omar as the new Commander of Land Forces and elevating Lt. Colonel Hassan Salah Abdi to the position of Commander of Special Forces.

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