This report advances a “green investment policy framework” taking infrastructure investment as a starting point and looking only at climate change mitigation and adaptation. It highlights the significant opportunities and many challenges that exist today in both developed and developing countries to transition to low-carbon, climate-resilient (LCR) development through investment in both renovated and in new infrastructure.

This paper addresses several broad issues for governments aiming to encourage private sector investment in low-carbon climate resilient (LCR) infrastructure, in both developed and developing world contexts.

The gross borrowing needs of OECD governments are projected to increase slightly to around USD 10.9 trillion in 2013, up from the already high level of USD 10.8 trillion in 2012, according to a new OECD report.

This article summarises discussions from a financial roundtable addressing concerns about structural flaws in the way banks operate and are being regulated and supervised in the wake of on-going banking sector problems involving financial fraud and banking scandals.

This conference in Moscow explored strategies for developing financial literacy and capability and building effective consumer protection systems.

This paper investigates whether countries that had controls on inflows in place prior to the crisis were less vulnerable during the global financial crisis. More generally, it examines economic growth effects of such controls over the entire economic cycle, finding that capital restrictions on inflows (particularly debt liabilities) may be useful in good times but may have adverse effects in a crisis.

The 2013 Forum was held on 5-6 December and discussed how governments can improve their investment policy framework to reduce the risk and attract long-term private finance in support of green growth.

This article provides a framework for analysing the character and degree of ownership engagement by institutional investors. There are large differences in ownership engagement between different categories of institutional investors. There are also differences in ownership engagement within the same category of institutional investors such as hedge funds, investment funds, etc.

Borrowing operations by OECD governments are set to decrease, as their borrowing needs continue to decline, according to a new OECD report. Net borrowing needs are projected to fall from USD 2.0 trillion in 2013 to USD 1.5 trillion in 2014, the lowest level since 2007.

As the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) approach their expiry date, we must focus our efforts on ensuring a brighter, more inclusive and sustainable future for all. We face a plethora of common issues: growing inequalities; changing consumption patterns and population dynamics; increasing natural resource scarcity; and ongoing illicit financial flows.

This report responds to a request from the G20 that the IMF and OECD assess whether further work is needed on their respective approaches to measures which are both macro-prudential and capital flow measures, taking into account their individual mandates. The report was transmitted to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors at their meeting on 16-17 April 2015 in Washington D.C.

The OECD’s Annual Meeting at Ministerial Level reinforced member governments’ support across a broad range of key OECD work.

The current low interest rate environment poses a significant risk for the long-term financial viability of pension funds and insurance companies, as they seek to generate sufficient returns to meet promises, according to a new OECD report.

In 2009, Zambian economist Dambisa Moyo published her book, “Dead Aid”, which shocked much of the international development community by claiming that ‘traditional’ systems of official development assistance (ODA) to Africa were not delivering, and arguing why we must find alternatives. This article looks at where we are at today.

2 December 2015 - The global financial and economic crisis of 2008 left the international monetary system with vulnerabilities caused by volatile capital flows and spillovers from national policy responses. The current policy environment has moved multilateral co-operation, openness and transparency to the top of the capital flow policy agenda.

Climate change is a major political and economic challenge. This paper sketches out its relevance for the financial sector. Necessary low-carbon investments imply a significant yet manageable financing gap. Beyond capital mobilisation that has attracted most attention until now, the main challenge is ensuring a transition-consistent capital reallocation.

Jakarta, 1-2 June 2016: This seminar addressed the importance of financial literacy and financial education for empowering micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs).

Further structural reforms are needed to help the business sector boost productivity growth and overcome the key challenges of sluggish investment in advanced economies and excess capacity in emerging economies, according to a new OECD report.

Leaders of the G20 countries meeting at their Summit in Hangzhou, China, have called on the OECD to help develop an agenda to build a stronger, more innovative and inclusive world economy.

This paper explores the relationship between policy settings and extreme positive and negative growth events, what we call GDP tail risks, using quantile regression methods.

Certain growth-promoting policies can have negative side-effects by increasing the vulnerability of economies to financial crises. Typical examples are greater openness to financial flows or more liberalised financial markets.

Sovereign gross borrowing needs in the OECD area have continued to decline from the peaks attained in 2012. They are expected to be USD 9.5 trillion in 2017, approximately the same level as 2016.

The United States’ Social Security Act of 1935 set up a social insurance programme for American workers, providing them with at least some degree of certainty about income after retirement. But, in today’s environment, to what degree do Americans feel secure about their retirement? This article looks at the results of a new survey on American’s understanding of retirement preparedness and the perceived role of Social Security.

11 December 2017, OECD Paris - The 8th annual OECD high-level breakfast event brings together leading investors and senior government officials for informal, focused dialogue, to examine key developments and identify solutions to enable achievement of NDCs and the two-degree commitment.

Although financial inclusion levels have improved in all Southeast Asian countries in recent years, levels remain relatively low in some countries. This report evaluates current levels of financial inclusion and financial literacy in Southeast Asia and describes the policies and programmes developed to support financial inclusion, education and consumer protection.

Paris, 25 May 2018 - Following a keynote speech from Emmanuelle Auriol, Professor at Toulouse School of Economics and Chair of Women in Economics of the European Economic Association, discussions at this event will explore some of the issues emerging from the gender biases evident in the field of economics.

Weak labour productivity growth continues to mark the world’s advanced economies and risks compromising improvements in living standards, says a new OECD report.

The OECD, UN Environment and World Bank Group today called on leaders of G20 countries to do more to enable a radical shift of investment into low-carbon, climate-resilient infrastructure as a way to limit the impact of climate change.

8/2/2019 - Gross borrowings of OECD governments from the markets are set to reach a new record level in 2019 by exceeding USD 11 trillion. While government funding needs in the wake of the financial crisis increased in most OECD countries, the recent further increase is confined to a few countries, particularly the United States.

While China’s overall debt-to-GDP ratio is not particularly high, its non-financial corporate debt relative to GDP is higher than in other major economies.

This report provides updates of trends and developments associated with sovereign borrowing requirements and debt levels from the perspective of public debt managers for the OECD area and country groupings.

Cross-border capital flows are an integral component of international finance, but require a balanced framework for removing unnecessary barriers to the movement of capital while providing governments flexibility to cope with instances of economic or financial instability, OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria said today.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Nepal expanded 7.10 percent in 2018 from the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Nepal averaged 4.61 percent from 1993 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 8.60 percent in 1993 and a record low of 0.10 percent in 2001. Nepal is one of the least developed countries in the world and relies extensively on foreign aid. The main sector of the economy is agriculture, which employs over 70 percent of the population and accounts for 33 percent of GDP. As Nepal is home to the highest mountains in the world, tourism has been steadily growing in importance and is an important source of revenue. Also, the country has been working on exploiting hydroelectric power. Although Nepalese economy has been steadily growing in recent years, lack of governmental institutions, growing population and remnants of social instability are sources of concern. This page provides - Nepal GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Rwanda recorded a capital and financial account deficit of 460.60 USD Million in 2018. Capital Flows in Rwanda averaged -60.91 USD Million from 1998 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 426.80 USD Million in 2009 and a record low of -814.60 USD Million in 2016. This page provides - Rwanda Capital Flows- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Rwanda expanded 8.40 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 over the same quarter of the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Rwanda averaged 7.58 percent from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 13.40 percent in the first quarter of 2007 and a record low of 0.30 percent in the first quarter of 2017. Services is the largest sector of the Rwanda's economy and accounts for 53 percent of total GDP. Within services, the most important sub-sectors are: real estate activities (8 percent), wholesale and retail trade (8 percent), cultural, domestic & other services (6 percent), administrative and support service activities and public administration and defence; and compulsory social security (5 percent each). Agriculture, forestry and fishing account for 29 percent of GDP, with food crops contributing 17 percent. The industrial sector constitutes 18 percent of the GDP, with construction (7 percent) and manufacturing (6 percent) accounting for the largest shares. On the expenditure side, household consumption is the main component of GDP and accounts for 76 percent of its total use, followed by gross fixed capital formation (28 percent) and government expenditure (16 percent). Exports of goods and services account for 19 percent of GDP while imports account for 39 percent, subtracting 20 percent of total GDP. The major source of foreign trade is coffee, tea, tin cassiterite, wolframite and pyrethrum. This page provides the latest reported value for - Rwanda GDP Annual Growth Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Furthering efforts to fight against international tax evasion and bank secrecy, members of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes have issued 12 new peer review reports.

This note is taken from Chapter 2 of Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2012.

This paper discusses the results of the 2011-2012 OECD LEED study of measuring green growth in the Benelux countries (Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxembourg). The study paid particular attention to the challenges of measuring the transition to a low-carbon economy in cross-border areas as they have additional levels of complexity when it comes to measuring and monitoring their low-carbon transition.

The Belgian economy has returned to growth and continues scoring well on broader measures of well-being, but further reforms will be needed to secure fiscal sustainability while promoting employment and competitiveness, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Belgium 2015.

Going for Growth 2015: Key findings for Belgium

A combination of market-based policies and a redistributive welfare state have boosted Belgium’s per-capita GDP to well above the average of OECD countries and raised well-being, according to a new OECD report.

The Co-operative Research Programme (CRP)'s Call for Applications for conference sponsorship and research fellowships for funding in 2019 is now CLOSED. The CRP supports work on sustainable use of natural resources in agriculture, forests, fisheries and food production.

Belgium’s tax, labour, pension and education reforms have improved the potential for stronger, sustainable and inclusive growth over the long term. Keeping up this momentum on structural reforms is key to energise the economy and keep it resilient to external risks and uncertainties, according to a new OECD report.

This note presents selected findings based on the set of well-being indicators published in How's Life? 2020.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Brunei expanded 7.10 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 over the same quarter of the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Brunei averaged 0.40 percent from 2004 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 7.10 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of -8.10 percent in the fourth quarter of 2013. Brunei is the fourth-largest oil producer in Southeast Asia. Oil accounts for around 62 percent of GDP and is the source of 90 percent of government revenues. Yet, in recent years, oil production has declined and, as a result, growth has slowed down. In order to strengthen Brunei’s long-term prospects, the government has been trying to diversify the economy by using oil revenues to invest in non-oil industries like Islamic banking and by attracting foreign direct investments. Focus on eco-tourism has also been high, given that 70 percent of the country’ is covered by tropical forest. This page provides - Brunei GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Malawi expanded 5 percent in 2019 from the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Malawi averaged 4.43 percent from 1994 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 16.70 percent in 1995 and a record low of -10 percent in 1994. Geographically landlocked, Malawi is one of the least developed countries in the world. Malawi’s economy relies mostly on grants from foreign donors. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy and accounts for 80 percent of the labour force and 80 percent of exports. Serious deficiencies in the public sector, telecommunications and infrastructures are an obstacle to growth. This page provides - Malawi GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Greece expanded 1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 over the same quarter of the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Greece averaged 0.94 percent from 1996 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 6.80 percent in the fourth quarter of 2003 and a record low of -10.30 percent in the first quarter of 2011. In Greece, household consumption is the main component of GDP and accounts for 72 percent of its total use, followed by government expenditure (20 percent) and gross fixed capital formation (12 percent). Exports of goods and services account for 33 percent of GDP while imports account for 35 percent, subtracting 2 percent of total GDP. This page provides the latest reported value for - Greece GDP Annual Growth Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Cyprus expanded 3.20 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 over the same quarter of the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Cyprus averaged 2.53 percent from 1996 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 7.20 percent in the fourth quarter of 2016 and a record low of -7.50 percent in the second quarter of 2013. Services including tourism, financial services, and real estate are considered as the backbone of the Cyprus economy, accounting for nearly 80 percent of GDP. Industry accounts for only 10 percent and agriculture for 2 percent. On the expenditure side, household consumption is the main component of GDP and accounts for 70 percent of its total use, followed by government expenditure (16 percent) and gross fixed capital formation (11 percent). Exports of goods and services account for 55 percent of GDP while imports account for 53 percent, adding 2 percent of total GDP. This page provides - Cyprus GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The European Union faces serious challenges today, with public finances in poor shape, weak long-term growth prospects and an unemployment level close to 10%. In this context, the regional policy can play a crucial role to unleash the growth potential of our economies, says OECD Secretary-General.

This note is taken from Chapter 2 of Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2011.