Imports in Singapore decreased to 39949.90 Million SGD in March from 40720.98 Million SGD in February of 2020. Imports in Singapore averaged 15210 Million SGD from 1964 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 44689.59 Million SGD in October of 2018 and a record low of 266.38 Million SGD in July of 1964. The biggest import product, with 43 percent share, is machinery and equipment (with electronics accounting for 60 percent). The country also imports: crude oil (32 percent), miscellaneous manufactures (7 percent) and chemical products (7 percent). Main import partners are: China (11 percent), Malaysia (11 percent), the United States (9 percent), South Korea (8 percent), Japan (6 percent) and Indonesia (5 percent). This page provides the latest reported value for - Singapore Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in Italy decreased to 34013.43 EUR Million in February from 36007.56 EUR Million in January of 2020. Imports in Italy averaged 23990.22 EUR Million from 1991 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 40173.09 EUR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 5285.80 EUR Million in August of 1992. In 2017, imports to Italy rose by 9 percent from the previous year to EUR 401 billion, the highest level since 2011. Main imports were: transport (12 percent of total imports); base metals and metal products (10 percent); chemicals (9 percent); textiles, clothing, leather and accessories (8 percent); food, beverages and tobacco (8 percent); machinery and equipment (7 percent); computers, electronic and optical devices (7 percent); pharmaceutical, chemical-medicinal and botanical articles (6 percent); and crude oil (6 percent). Main import partners were: Germany (16 percent of the total imports); France (9 percent); China (7 percent); the Netherlands (6 percent); Spain (5 percent); Belgium and the US (4 percent each); Russia, the UK and Switzerland (3 percent each). This page provides - Italy Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Gambia increased to 2915896 GMD Thousands in March from 2899635 GMD Thousands in February of 2020. Imports in Gambia averaged 826699 GMD Thousands from 1994 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6688215 GMD Thousands in September of 2018 and a record low of 18264 GMD Thousands in March of 1996. Gambia main imports are foodstuffs, fuel and machinery. Gambia main trading partners are Ivory Coast (15 percent of total imports) and China (15 percent). Others include: United States, Germany, India and the United Kingdom. Since 2009, Gambia foreign trade records are adjusted for coverage. This page provides - Gambia Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Japan increased to 6352.93 JPY Billion in March from 5212.52 JPY Billion in February of 2020. Imports in Japan averaged 3061.86 JPY Billion from 1963 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 8047.03 JPY Billion in January of 2014 and a record low of 162.06 JPY Billion in January of 1963. In 2019 imports to Japan dropped 5 percent from the previous year's record high amid global trade tensions. Main imports were: mineral fuels (22 percent of total imports), with petroleum accounting for 10 percent and LNG for 6 percent; electrical machinery (15 percent) on the back of telephony, telegraphy and semiconductors; chemicals (10 percent) due to medical products and organic chemicals; machinery (10 percent) in particular computers and units; foodstuff (9 percent) such as fish and fish preparations and meat and meat preparations; manufactured goods (9 percent) on nonferrous metals; and raw materials (6 percent) mainly ore of nonferrous and iron ore and concentrates. Japan's main import partners were China (23 percent), the EU (12 percent) in particular Germany (3 percent), the US (11 percent), Australia (6 percent), South Korea (4 percent), Saudi Arabia (4 percent), Taiwan (4 percent), the UAE (4 percent) and Thailand (4 percent). This page provides the latest reported value for - Japan Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports In the Euro Area decreased to 166261.20 EUR Million in February from 182185.40 EUR Million in January of 2020. Imports in the Euro Area averaged 124729.35 EUR Million from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 196173.20 EUR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 55698.40 EUR Million in January of 1999. Euro Area main imports are energy, manufactured goods and machinery. Main imports partners are China (12 percent of total imports) and United Kingdom (10 percent). Others include: United States, Russia, Switzerland and Japan. The biggest importers within the Euro Area are Germany, Italy, France and Netherlands. This page provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in Mali increased to 765.60 CFA Franc Billion in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 703.39 CFA Franc Billion in the third quarter of 2019. Imports in Mali averaged 372.32 CFA Franc Billion from 2001 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 823.65 CFA Franc Billion in the fourth quarter of 2017 and a record low of 116 CFA Franc Billion in the third quarter of 2004. Mali main import is fuel (42 percent of total imports) followed by capital equipment and foodstuffs. Mali main import partner is China (20 percent of total imports). Others include: Senegal, China, France and Ivory Coast. This page provides the latest reported value for - Mali Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in Spain increased to 26649854.99 EUR Thousand in January from 24660000 EUR Thousand in December of 2019. Imports in Spain averaged 8833549.15 EUR Thousand from 1962 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 30249871.83 EUR Thousand in October of 2018 and a record low of 37437.04 EUR Thousand in January of 1962. In 2017, imports to Spain rose 10.5 percent from the previous year to an all-time high of EUR 302 billion, mainly driven by a surge in domestic demand and an increase in energy prices. Within the Autonomous Communities, the biggest importers were Catalonia (28 percent of total imports), Madrid (20 percent) Andalusia (10 percent) and Valencia (9 percent). Spain main imports were: capital goods (22 percent of total imports); chemicals (15 percent); energy products (13 percent); automotive sector (13 percent); consumer goods (12 percent); food, beverages and tobacco (12 percent); and non-chemical semi-manufactured products (7 percent). Main import partners were: Germany (13 percent of total imports); France (11 percent); China (9 percent); Italy (7 percent); the US (5 percent); the UK and Portugal (4 percent each); and Morocco and Turkey (2 percent each). This page provides the latest reported value for - Spain Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in Switzerland decreased to 15849.16 CHF million in March from 16498.58 CHF million in February of 2020. Imports in Switzerland averaged 6636.68 CHF million from 1950 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 17688.56 CHF million in January of 2018 and a record low of 273.20 CHF million in February of 1950. In 2019, imports to Switzerland reached a record high of CHF 275 billion despite the global uncertainty surrounding trade disputes and the world economy. Main imports were: natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin (31 percent of total imports); pharmaceutical products (11 percent); nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof (7 percent); vehicles (6 percent); electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles (5 percent); organic chemicals (5 percent); mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes (3 percent); and optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof (3 percent). Germany was the biggest source of imports (21 percent of total imports), followed by Italy (8 percent), France and the US (7 percent each), the UK and China (6 percent each), the UAE (5 percent), Austria and Ireland (3 percent each), Spain, Thailand, the Netherlands, Belgium and Japan (2 percent each). This page provides - Switzerland Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Burundi decreased to 139458.20 BIF Million in December from 154324.80 BIF Million in November of 2019. Imports in Burundi averaged 60806.29 BIF Million from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 187444.20 BIF Million in July of 2019 and a record low of 5396.60 BIF Million in January of 2000. Burundi main imports are: construction materials, food and fuel. Main import partners are Saudi Arabia (14 percent of total imports) and Belgium (12 percent). Others include: China, India, Kenya and Uganda. This page provides - Burundi Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Luxembourg remained unchanged at 1.59 EUR Billion in February from 1.59 EUR Billion in January of 2020. Imports in Luxembourg averaged 1.08 EUR Billion from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2 EUR Billion in October of 2011 and a record low of 0.36 EUR Billion in January of 1988. Luxembourg has traditionally imported most of its consumer goods and exported industrial products (steel). The nation remains dependent on energy imports. Its main imports are: minerals, metals, foodstuffs and quality consumer goods. Luxembourg’s main import partners are Belgium (36 percent of total imports), Germany (27 percent), France (12 percent), the Netherlands (5 percent), the US (3 percent), Italy (3 percent), Japan (2 percent) and the UK (2 percent). This page provides the latest reported value for - Luxembourg Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in Rwanda increased to 252.89 USD Million in February from 226.65 USD Million in January of 2020. Imports in Rwanda averaged 280.14 USD Million from 1998 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1859 USD Million in December of 2012 and a record low of 156.90 USD Million in October of 2016. Rwanda imports mainly food products, machinery and equipment, construction materials, petroleum products and fertilizers. Main imports partners are Kenya, Germany, Uganda and Belgium. This page provides - Rwanda Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Mexico increased to 35007.17 USD Million in March from 33723.76 USD Million in February of 2020. Imports in Mexico averaged 15031.89 USD Million from 1980 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 44290.89 USD Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 647.02 USD Million in January of 1983. Mexico mainly imports manufactured products (87 percent of total purchases), namely metallic products, machinery and equipment (53 percent), of which automotive (13 percent); electrical and electronic appliances (20 percent); and special equipment for miscellaneous industries (15 percent). Oil products represent 10 percent of total imports, especially oil derivatives and petrochemicals. Agricultural goods account for 3 percent. Main import partners are: the United States (46 percent of total purchases), China (18 percent), Japan, Germany and South Korea (4 percent each). Main imports from the United States are: other parts and accessories of vehicles (8 percent of total imports); electric apparatus (7 percent); petroleum products (6 percent) and computer accessories (6 percent). This page provides the latest reported value for - Mexico Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in Turkey increased to 18813.45 USD Million in March from 17635.10 USD Million in February of 2020. Imports in Turkey averaged 5072.11 USD Million from 1957 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 23245.30 USD Million in May of 2013 and a record low of 15 USD Million in August of 1958. In 2017, Turkey's main imports were: machinery and transport equipment (31 percent of total imports), of which road vehicles (7 percent) and electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances (6 percent); manufactured goods (16 percent), of which iron and steel (5 percent); mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials (16 percent), of which petroleum and petroleum products (4 percent); chemicals and related products (13 percent), of which plastics (4 percent); gold, non-monetary (7 percent); crude materials, inedible, except fuels (7 percent); miscellaneous manufactured articles (6 percent); and food and live animals (4 percent). The country's main imports' sources were: China (10 percent of total imports); Germany (9 percent); Russia (8 percent); the US and Italy (5 percent each); France, Iran, Switzerland, South Korea, the UK, Spain and India (3 percent each). This page provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in South Africa decreased to 94197.40 ZAR Million in March from 95451.41 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports in South Africa averaged 20461.56 ZAR Million from 1957 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 125717.29 ZAR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 66.10 ZAR Million in September of 1961. South Africa main imports are: machinery (23.5 percent of total imports), mineral products (15.1 percent), vehicles and aircraft vessels (10 percent), chemicals (10.9 percent), equipment components (8.1 percent) and iron and steel products (5.3 percent). Main trading partners are: China (18.3 percent), Germany (11.5 percent), United States (6.6 percent), India (4.7 percent), Saudi Arabia (4.6 percent) and Japan (3.4 percent). Others include: the UK, Thailand, Italy and France. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in Uruguay increased to 617692 USD Thousand in March from 511519 USD Thousand in February of 2020. Imports in Uruguay averaged 476039.94 USD Thousand from 1993 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1064782 USD Thousand in September of 2013 and a record low of 119055 USD Thousand in March of 2003. Uruguay main imports are: industrial supplies (29 percent of total imports), crude and refined oil (20 percent), machinery and equipment (11 percent) and food and beverages (6 percent). Main import partners are: Brazil (19 percent of total imports), Argentina (18 percent), China (14 percent) and United States (11 percent). Others include Venezuela, Mexico and Germany. This page provides the latest reported value for - Uruguay Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in Brunei increased to 479.10 Million BND in August from 474.30 Million BND in July of 2018. Imports in Brunei averaged 425.16 Million BND from 2005 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1165.87 Million BND in September of 2008 and a record low of 205.70 Million BND in March of 2014. Brunei mainly imports machinery and transport equipment (33 percent of total imports); manufactured goods (20 percent); food (16 percent); fuels and lubricants (9 percent); chemical products (9 percent); miscellaneous manufactured articles (9 percent) and beverages and tobacco (2 percent). Brunei’s main imports partners are: Malaysia (21 percent of total imports); Singapore (19 percent); China (13 percent); the United States (12 percent); Japan (4 percent); Thailand (4 percent); South Korea (3 percent) and Indonesia (3 percent). This page provides the latest reported value for - Brunei Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in Morocco increased to 38115 MAD Million in March from 37883 MAD Million in February of 2020. Imports in Morocco averaged 23346.09 MAD Million from 1998 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 45130 MAD Million in April of 2019 and a record low of 6424.40 MAD Million in January of 1999. Morocco imports crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics. Its main imports partners are: France, Spain, China, Italy, Germany, United States and Saudi Arabia. This page provides - Morocco Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Canada decreased to 47668.20 CAD Million in March from 49416.80 CAD Million in February of 2020. Imports in Canada averaged 21458.03 CAD Million from 1971 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 52877.40 CAD Million in March of 2019 and a record low of 1112 CAD Million in January of 1971. In 2018, Canada imported mainly: consumer goods (20 percent of total imports); motor vehicles and parts (19 percent); electronic and electrical equipment and parts (12 percent); industrial machinery, equipment and parts (11 percent); basic and industrial chemical, plastic and rubber products (8 percent); metal and non-metallic mineral products (7 percent) and energy products (6 percent). Canada's major import partners were: the US (64 percent of total imports); the EU (10 percent), of which Germany (3 percent); China (8 percent); Mexico (3 percent) and Japan (2 percent). This page provides the latest reported value for - Canada Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in the United States decreased to 232160 USD Million in March from 247557 USD Million in February of 2020. Imports in the United States averaged 73286.91 USD Million from 1950 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 266816 USD Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 577 USD Million in March of 1950. The United States is the world's second biggest importer. Main imports are: capital goods (22 percent) and consumer goods (21 percent). Others include: automotive vehicles, parts and engines (12 percent) and foods, feeds and beverages (5 percent). Shipments from China represent 21 percent of the total imports followed by Mexico (14 percent), Canada (13 percent), Japan (6 percent), and Germany (5 percent). This page provides the latest reported value for - United States Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in France decreased to 38536.30 EUR Million in March from 47289.80 EUR Million in February of 2020. Imports in France averaged 21233.56 EUR Million from 1970 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 48881.30 EUR Million in March of 2019 and a record low of 1151.90 EUR Million in May of 1970. France imports mainly mechanical equipment, electronic and computer equipment (21 percent of total imports); transport equipment (19 percent), of which aeronautics (11 percent) and automobile industry (7 percent); chemicals, perfumes, cosmetics (8 percent); agro-food industry products (8 percent); metallurgical and metal products (7 percent); natural hydrocarbons, other mining products, electricity (7 percent); textiles, leather (7 percent); jewelry, toys, furniture (5 percent); pharmaceuticals (5 percent); and rubber and plastic products, miscellaneous mineral products (5 percent). Main import partners are: Germany (16 percent of total imports), China (9 percent), Italy (8 percent), Belgium (7 percent), the US and Spain (6 percent each), the UK and the Netherlands (5 percent each). This page provides the latest reported value for - France Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in Australia decreased to 31815 AUD Million in March from 32993 AUD Million in February of 2020. Imports in Australia averaged 12243.77 AUD Million from 1971 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 36144 AUD Million in October of 2019 and a record low of 393 AUD Million in May of 1972. Australia imports mainly machinery and transport equipment (40 percent of total imports), of which road vehicles account for 12 percent, industrial machinery for 6 percent, electrical machinery for 5 percent and telecommunications and sound recording for 5 percent.The country also imports: petroleum (11 percent); manufactured goods (12 percent); chemicals and related products (10 percent); and food and live animals (5 percent). Main import partners are China (23 percent of total imports), the US (11 percent), Japan (7 percent), South Korea, Thailand and Germany (5 percent each) and Malaysia (4 percent). This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports in China decreased to 1549.43 USD HML in April from 1652.13 USD HML in March of 2020. Imports in China averaged 562.78 USD HML from 1981 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1951.34 USD HML in September of 2018 and a record low of 13.88 USD HML in February of 1983. In 2019 imports to China fell 2.7 percent, the first yearly decline in three years, on weak domestic demand and persistent trade tensions with the US. Machinery and transport equipment accounted for 38 percent of total imports on the back of electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances (21 percent), road vehicles (4 percent), telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment (3 percent), and office machines and automatic data processing machines (3 percent). Other important categories were: mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials (17 percent) led by petroleum, petroleum products and related materials (13 percent) and gas, natural and manufactured (3 percent); crude materials, inedible, except fuels (14 percent), such as metalliferous ores and metal scrap (9 percent); chemicals and related products (11 percent) due to organic chemicals (3 percent) and plastics in primary forms (3 percent); miscellaneous manufactured articles (7 percent); manufactured goods classified chiefly by material (7 percent); and food and live animals (4 percent). The biggest source of imports was the EU (13 percent of imports) of which Germany (5 percent) and France (2 percent), followed by South Korea, Taiwan, Japan (8 percent each), the US and Australia (6 percent each), Brazil (4 percent), Malaysia, Vietnam, Russia and Saudi Arabia (3 percent each), and Thailand, Singapore and Indonesia (2 percent each). This page provides - China Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Greece decreased to 4282.50 EUR Million in March from 4322.40 EUR Million in February of 2020. Imports in Greece averaged 4025.04 EUR Million from 2001 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6219.50 EUR Million in June of 2008 and a record low of 1919 EUR Million in August of 2001. Greece main imports are crude oil (15 percent of total imports), ships, boats and floating structures (6 percent), petroleum products (6 percent), medicament (5 percent), motor vehicles (2 percent) and natural gas (2 percent). Main import partners are: Germany (11 percent of total imports), Italy (8 percent), Russia (7 percent), South Korea (6 percent) and Iraq (6 percent). This page provides - Greece Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Portugal decreased to 6095.95 EUR Million in March from 6462.24 EUR Million in February of 2020. Imports in Portugal averaged 1794.85 EUR Million from 1950 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 7270.02 EUR Million in October of 2019 and a record low of 0 EUR Million in May of 1955. In 2017, Portugal imported mostly: machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical equipment (17 percent of total imports); vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment (14 percent); mineral products (12 percent); products of the chemical or allied industries (10 percent); base metals and articles of base metal (8 percent); plastics and rubber (6 percent); textiles and textile articles (6 percent); live animals, animal products (5 percent); prepared foodstuffs (5 percent); and vegetables (4 percent). Portugal's main import partners were Spain (32 percent of total imports), Germany (14 percent), France (7 percent), Italy and the Netherlands (5 percent each), the UK and China (3 percent each) and Russia and Brazil (2 percent each). This page provides - Portugal Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

How can government policies move towards increasing agricultural innovation and improving productivity? This OECD conference shared case studies and ideas from Europe, China, United States, India, Africa, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand.

In Latin American and Caribbean countries the population is growing faster than the world average, intensifying land use and increasing urbanisation. The region is also prone to the negative impact of climate change and natural disasters, putting further pressure on natural resources.

This publication assesses the impact of previous competition law and policy reviews in nine Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama and Peru. This report was discussed during the 2012 annual meeting of the OECD-IDB Latin American Competition Forum held in the Dominican Republic.

OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría today welcomed Brazil’s further engagement with the Organisation’s world-leading global education assessment programme (PISA) during a signing ceremony in Brasilia with Brazil’s Minister for Education Aloízio Mercadante.

Brazil’s strong economic growth has helped cut the youth unemployment rate over the past decade to levels below those of most OECD countries. Increased investment in education and vocational training is also helping young people get a foot in the jobs market, according to a new OECD report.

The unemployment rate in Brazil continues its downward trend, despite a slowdown in GDP growth. At 4.9% (for urban areas), Brazil’s unemployment rate is considerably below the OECD average of 7.4%.

Brazil has made significant progress in building a reputation for sound fiscal policy since it passed the Fiscal Responsibility Law in 2000. In recent years, however, the fiscal situation has become more difficult as public spending and gross debt have risen.

This case study provides an overview of the Brazilian political financing system, including the applicable legislation, categories of political parties and funding, regulation mechanisms and transparency initiatives. It also reviews some of the tools provided to political actors to comply with the legal standards, and draft legislation designed to strengthen and reform the political funding system.

There is strong international evidence that trade liberalisation and increased international integration are key elements of a successful growth strategy. Exposure to international competition, sourcing internationally and learning by exporting accelerates technological upgrading and fosters productivity growth.

Latin America and the Caribbean’s (LAC) GDP will shrink by between 0.9% and 1% in 2016, according to the latest estimates, the second consecutive year of negative growth and a rate of contraction the region has not seen since the early 1980s. According to the Latin American Economic Outlook 2017, the region should recover in 2017, but with modest GDP growth of between 1.5% and 2%, below expected growth in advanced economies.

Between 2007 and 2014 Brazil sustained high employment rates, well above the OECD average. The country has historically high participation rates for men and women, as well a relatively low unemployment rate.

The 2017 OECD R&D tax incentive country profiles provide detailed information on the design features and cost of tax provisions used by countries to incentivise R&D performance by businesses, reporting on both long-term and recent trends.

Um elevador social quebrado? Como promover a mobilidade social: Como o Brasil compara?

This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the ports of the Seine Axis (Le Havre,Rouen, Caen and Paris).

Can both less income inequality and more growth be achieved? A recent OECD study sheds new light on the link between policies that boost growth and the distribution of income.

Public debt in the OECD area passed annual GDP in 2011 and is still rising. This paper was prepared for the Reserve Bank of India Second International Research Conference 2012: “Monetary Policy, Sovereign Debt and Financial Stability: The New Trilemma”, 1-2 February, 2012 in Mumbai, India

The objective of this seminar was to facilitate the implementation of administrative simplification strategies in MENA countries and to deepen the knowledge about the use of ICT-tools and consultation processes with stakeholders.

This event explored the prospects of providing innovative, actionable information and advice to policymakers and other stakeholders, based on the results of contemporary research on complex dynamic systems.

The aim of this workshop was to present recent developments in implementing Regulatory Impact Assessment in the Czech Republic as well as to enable an exposure to different approaches in some leading OECD countries.

This Guide provides concrete recommendations of high impact reforms to simplify the processes of business start ups, construction permits, property registration, procurement, and to upgrade regulatory transparency and efficiency in the management of formalities in Mexico.

This paper analyses the monetary and fiscal policy implications of output gap estimates in times of crisis. The widening of output gaps observed in major OECD economies in the wake of the recent crisis has been mainly due to total factor productivity gaps, except in the United States where it essentially resulted from a large increase in the unemployment gap.

Indonesia has improved its macro-economic and structural policies over the last 15 years. Its economy, with strong and stable growth rates of 5–6.6%, is catching up with other countries in the region and allowing Indonesia to focus on its development agenda.

Indonesia has come a long way in improving its tax system over the last decade, both in terms of revenues raised and administrative efficiency. Nonetheless, the tax take is still low, given the need for more spending on infrastructure and social protection.

In Latin American and Caribbean countries the population is growing faster than the world average, intensifying land use and increasing urbanisation. The region is also prone to the negative impact of climate change and natural disasters, putting further pressure on natural resources.

Three world experts discuss the future of cities in the current context of rapid urbanisation. This meeting was held in Paris on 4 December 2012.

Mexico’s river basins are under severe water stress. The quality of rivers, lakes and aquifers is declining and floods, droughts, and hurricanes are more frequent. These are some of the alerts signaled in OECD’s Making Water Reform Happen in Mexico.