Is there a single surge mechanism? Contrasts in dynamics between glacier surges in Svalbard and other regions Murray, Tavi; Strozzi, Tazio; Luckman, Adrian; Jiskoot, Hester; Christakos, Panos During the 1990s, Monacobreen, a 40-km-long tidewater glacier in Svalbard, underwent a major surge. We mapped the surge dynamics using ERS synthetic aperture radar images, differential dual-azimuth interferometry and intensity correlation tracking. A series of 11 three-dimensional (3-D) velocity maps covering the period 1991–1997 show a months-long initiation and years-long termination to the surge, with no indication of a surge front travelling downglacier. During the surge, the front of the glacier advanced 2 km, the velocity and derived strain rate increased by more than an order of magnitude, and maximum ice flow rates measured during 1994 were 5md 1. The spatial pattern of both velocity and strain rate was remarkably consistent and must therefore be controlled by spatially fixed processes operating at the glacier bed. We combine these results with those published in the literature to construct a typical Svalbard glacier surge cycle and compare this to surge dynamics of glaciers from other cluster regions, especially those of Variegated Glacier in Alaska. The strong contrast in dynamics suggests that there exist at least two distinct surge mechanisms. Sherpa Romeo green journal. Permission to archive final published version.

Late surge glacial conditions on Bakaninbreen, Svalbard, and implications for surge termination Smith, A. M.; Murray, Tavi; Davison, B. M.; Clough, A. F.; Woodward, J.; Jiskoot, Hester Bakaninbreen is a polythermal glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, that last surged between 1985 and 1995. Seismic reflection data were acquired during early quiescence in spring 1998, just upstream of the surge front. The results were combined with complementary ground-penetrating radar data to investigate the glacial structure and basal conditions. We find no difference between the ice thickness values determined from the seismic and radar methods, suggesting that any layer of basal ice cannot be greater than 5 m thick. Interpretation of the amplitude of the seismic reflections indicates the presence of permafrost close to the glacier base. A thin layer of thawed deforming sediment separates the glacier from this underlying permafrost. In an area just upstream of the surge front the permafrost becomes discontinuous and may even be absent, the ice being underlain by 10–15 m of thawed sediments overlying deeper bedrock. Highpressure water is believed to have been required to maintain the propagation of the surge, and this area of thawed sediment is interpreted as a route for that water to escape from the basal system. When the surge front passed over this thawed bed, the escaping water reduced the pressure in the subglacial hydraulic system, initiating the termination of the surge. Surge termination was therefore primarily controlled by the presurge permafrost distribution beneath the glacier, rather than any feature of the surge itself. This termination mechanism is probably limited to surges in polythermal glaciers, but the techniques used may have wider glaciological applications. Sherpa Romeo green journal. Permission to archive final published version

TMC leader Abhishek Banerjee said Mr. Shah was talking about the “very people who have been left to fate” by the Centre

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RALEIGH, NC – LexisNexis® Legal & Professional today announced the launch of Context, a powerful, A.I.-enhanced solution that delivers insights on judges and expert witnesses to help attorneys best prepare, present and argue their case. Context is a key component of the new Lexis Analytics™ suite of products that gives lawyers greater knowledge through data-driven insights.

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New York, N.Y. — Knowable, a Contracts Data Management company and the world’s largest translator of contracts language into structured data, today announced the launch of its new platform. Knowable’s intuitive platform for finding and accessing contract information helps organizations turn their contracts into consumable data and practical insights that support better business decisions, and a more modern approach to risk management. 

NEW YORK – LexisNexis® Legal & Professional, a leading global provider of information and analytics, today announced two free resources from Law360® and Lexis Practice Advisor® to help legal professionals, lawmakers and business leaders become better informed and successfully navigate the legal issues and intricacies surrounding the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19).

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New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.

Montreal ; Kingston ; London ; Chicago : McGill-Queen's University Press ; Winnipeg : Mentoring Artists for Women's Art, 2017

About 250 members of 40 Muslim families from Bidhmira village in Haryana’s Hisar district embraced Hinduism on Friday and performed the last rites of a 80-yearold woman according to Hindu customs. Earlier, about 35 members of six Muslim families also embraced Hinduism at Jind’s Danoda Kalan village on April 18.

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