The Phase 3 Report on Japan by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates and makes recommendations on Japan'simplementation and application of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and related instruments.

The OECD Working Group on Bribery regrets that Austria has not had a conviction of bribing foreign public officials despite a number of allegations, 13 years after ratifying the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention. However, enforcement appears to be picking up, with one case being tried, two more cases soon to be tried, and four ongoing investigations.

This survey was presented at the Informal ministerial meeting on responsible business conduct held in Paris on 26 June 2014.

Widespread corruption continues to be a major challenge for Kyrgyzstan’s development, despite efforts to streamline its anti-corruption policy and strengthen the institutional framework since 2012.

Israel is not sufficiently proactive in detecting and investigating foreign bribery, with no prosecutions over the past 7 years, despite 14 allegations of foreign bribery involving Israeli individuals or companies. The OECD Working Group on Bribery is, however, encouraged by the recently-opened investigations, and will pay close attention to how these evolve.

Uzbekistan has adopted its first anti-corruption action plan and established an anti-corruption coordination commission. Nevertheless corruption is widespread in Uzbekistan and remains a key obstacle for business.

17 September 2016, Washington DC - This event brought together legal practitioners and experts to focus on how international standards on responsible business conduct are impacting legal practice as well as how legal tools can be used to strengthen ethical business practices throughout global supply chains.

Ireland still needs to make substantial progress on key recommendations issued three times since March 2007 by the OECD Working Group on Bribery with regard to improving its domestic criminal law as it applies to bribery by Irish individuals and companies in their international business transactions.

Following on from the London Anti-Corruption Summit which took place in May 2016, the OECD and the International Bar Association (IBA) have agreed to form a task force to develop professional conduct standards and practice guidance for lawyers involved in establishing and advising on international commercial structures and recommended actions for governments.

The Czech Republic must strengthen its efforts to detect, investigate and prosecute foreign bribery. Seventeen years after ratifying the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, the Czech Republic has yet to prosecute a case involving the bribery of foreign public officials.

Sweden has still not implemented reforms to its Penal Code initially recommended by the OECD Working Group on Bribery in June 2012. Sweden’s legal provisions on corporate liability do not meet the requirements of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions.

The Phase 3 Report on Japan by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates and makes recommendations on Japan'simplementation and application of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and related instruments.

The OECD Working Group on Bribery regrets that Austria has not had a conviction of bribing foreign public officials despite a number of allegations, 13 years after ratifying the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention. However, enforcement appears to be picking up, with one case being tried, two more cases soon to be tried, and four ongoing investigations.

This statement by Adrian Blundell-Wignall and Paul Atkinson was presented to the German Bundestag's Finance Committee Hearing on the Draft Bank-Separation Law (Drucksache 17/12601) on 22 April 2013.

Internet Speed in Malawi decreased to 1308.79 KBps in the first quarter of 2017 from 1447.86 KBps in the fourth quarter of 2016. Internet Speed in Malawi averaged 825.29 KBps from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 1909.80 KBps in the fourth quarter of 2014 and a record low of 86.23 KBps in the third quarter of 2009. This page includes a chart with historical data for MalawiInternet Speed.

IP Addresses in Malawi decreased to 15425 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 15502 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Malawi averaged 6929.18 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 15502 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016 and a record low of 1276 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for MalawiIP Addresses.

Temperature in Malawi decreased to 25.56 celsius in December from 25.97 celsius in November of 2015. Temperature in Malawi averaged 21.45 celsius from 1850 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 26.17 celsius in November of 1957 and a record low of 15.83 celsius in July of 1907. This page includes a chart with historical data for Malawi Average Temperature.

Precipitation in Malawi increased to 206.07 mm in December from 33.71 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Malawi averaged 88.89 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 368.62 mm in February of 1952 and a record low of 0 mm in August of 1978. This page includes a chart with historical data for Malawi Average Precipitation.

Military Expenditure in Malawi increased to 53.50 USD Million in 2018 from 47.40 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Malawi averaged 22.71 USD Million from 1968 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 64.30 USD Million in 2013 and a record low of 6 USD Million in 1969.

External Debt in Malawi increased to 1569794.22 MWK Million in 2018 from 1486661.76 MWK Million in 2017. External Debt in Malawi averaged 287479.95 MWK Million from 1984 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1569794.22 MWK Million in 2018 and a record low of 980.60 MWK Million in 1984. This page provides - Malawi External Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Deposit Interest Rate in Malawi decreased to 9.95 percent in the first quarter of 2017 from 11.41 percent in the fourth quarter of 2016. Deposit Interest Rate in Malawi averaged 15.43 percent from 1980 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 42 percent in the third quarter of 1995 and a record low of 3.50 percent in the first quarter of 2008. The Deposit Interest Rate is the average rate paid by commercial banks to individuals or corporations on deposits. This page includes a chart with historical data for Deposit Interest Rate in Malawi.

Gold Reserves in Malawi remained unchanged at 0.40 Tonnes in the second quarter of 2019 from 0.40 Tonnes in the first quarter of 2019. Gold Reserves are country’s gold assets held or controlled by the central bank. This page provides - Malawi Gold Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Malawi recorded a Current Account deficit of 14.70 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Current Account to GDP in Malawi averaged -12.79 percent from 1977 until 2018, reaching an all time high of -0.25 percent in 1998 and a record low of -27.60 percent in 2013. The Current account balance as a percent of GDP provides an indication on the level of international competitiveness of a country. Usually, countries recording a strong current account surplus have an economy heavily dependent on exports revenues, with high savings ratings but weak domestic demand. On the other hand, countries recording a current account deficit have strong imports, a low saving rates and high personal consumption rates as a percentage of disposable incomes. This page provides - Malawi Current Account to GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Spending in Malawi increased to 139966.40 MWK Million in 2018 from 134737.90 MWK Million in 2017. Government Spending in Malawi averaged 90742.62 MWK Million from 2002 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 139966.40 MWK Million in 2018 and a record low of 27173.70 MWK Million in 2002. Government Spending refers to public expenditure on goods and services and is a major component of the GDP. Government spending policies like setting up budget targets, adjusting taxation, increasing public expenditure and public works are very effective tools in influencing economic growth. This page provides - Malawi Government Spending - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Malawi increased to 191861 MWK Million in 2018 from 184693.90 MWK Million in 2017. Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Malawi averaged 134253.49 MWK Million from 2002 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 213674 MWK Million in 2008 and a record low of 28646.10 MWK Million in 2002. This page provides - Malawi Gross Fixed Capital Formation - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Malawi scored 31 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Malawi averaged 32.27 Points from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 41 Points in 1999 and a record low of 27 Points in 2006. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Malawi Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Malawi expanded 5 percent in 2019 from the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Malawi averaged 4.43 percent from 1994 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 16.70 percent in 1995 and a record low of -10 percent in 1994. Geographically landlocked, Malawi is one of the least developed countries in the world. Malawi’s economy relies mostly on grants from foreign donors. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy and accounts for 80 percent of the labour force and 80 percent of exports. Serious deficiencies in the public sector, telecommunications and infrastructures are an obstacle to growth. This page provides - Malawi GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Malawi recorded a Current Account deficit of 1202.60 USD Million in 2019. Current Account in Malawi averaged -591.74 USD Million from 1994 until 2019, reaching an all time high of -4.38 USD Million in 1998 and a record low of -1418.57 USD Million in 2018. Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid). This page provides - Malawi Current Account - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

GDP Constant Prices in Malawi increased to 1501049.40 MWK Million in 2019 from 1430022.80 MWK Million in 2018. GDP Constant Prices in Malawi averaged 1039590.41 MWK Million from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1501049.40 MWK Million in 2019 and a record low of 636429.74 MWK Million in 2002. This page provides - Malawi Gdp Constant Prices- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in Malawi remained unchanged at 5.40 percent in 2019 from 5.40 percent in 2018. Unemployment Rate in Malawi averaged 7.02 percent from 1991 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 7.80 percent in 2003 and a record low of 5.40 percent in 2018. In Malawi, the unemployment rate is based on the strict ILO definition, which is much lower than the unemployment rate obtained using the broad definition (20.4 percent). This page provides - Malawi Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Malawi recorded a government budget deficit of 33.90 MWK Billion in December of 2019. Government Budget Value in Malawi averaged -12.35 MWK Billion from 2012 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 56.50 MWK Billion in June of 2014 and a record low of -54.50 MWK Billion in November of 2018. The government budget balance is the difference between government revenues and expenses. The budget is balanced when outlays equal to receipts, the country reports budget surplus when revenues are higher than expenses and deficit when expenses exceed the revenues. This page provides - Malawi Government Budget Value- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The total population in Malawi was estimated at 18.6 million people in 2019, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. Looking back, in the year of 1960, Malawi had a population of 3.7 million people. The population of Malawi represents 0.22 percent of the world´s total population which arguably means that one person in every 453 people on the planet is a resident of Malawi. This page provides the latest reported value for - Malawi Population - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Malawi was worth 7 billion US dollars in 2019, according to official data from the World Bank and projections from Trading Economics. The GDP value of Malawi represents 0.01 percent of the world economy. GDP in Malawi averaged 2.36 USD Billion from 1960 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 8 USD Billion in 2011 and a record low of 0.16 USD Billion in 1960. The gross domestic product (GDP) measures of national income and output for a given country's economy. The gross domestic product (GDP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time. This page provides the latest reported value for - Malawi GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Malawi recorded a trade deficit of 91901 MWK Million in June of 2019. Balance of Trade in Malawi averaged -28712.58 MWK Million from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 4926 MWK Million in November of 2009 and a record low of -187035.40 MWK Million in August of 2018. Malawi’s landlocked location increases import costs and poses an obstacle to exports. Malawi is dependent on imports of fuel and consumer goods. However, tobacco trade (55 percent of total exports) represents a major source of income for the country. Malawi’s main trading partners are: South Africa, Zambia, China and United States. This page provides - Malawi Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Exports in Malawi increased to 74239 MWK Million in June from 70086.40 MWK Million in May of 2019. Exports in Malawi averaged 20634.74 MWK Million from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 97429 MWK Million in November of 2016 and a record low of 617.70 MWK Million in April of 2008. Malawi’s main export is tobacco which accounts for 55% of total exports. Others include: uranium, sugar, tea and coffee. Malawi’s main export partner is the European Union (50 percent of exports). Others include: Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa and United States. This page provides - Malawi Exports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Malawi decreased to 166140 MWK Million in June from 179303.20 MWK Million in May of 2019. Imports in Malawi averaged 49710.20 MWK Million from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 269620.30 MWK Million in August of 2018 and a record low of 1055.70 MWK Million in April of 2001. Malawi’s main imports are oil, coal, consumer goods and fertilizers. Malawi’s main import partner is South Africa (40 percent of total imports). Others include: Zambia, United States and China. This page provides - Malawi Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Cpi Housing Utilities in Malawi increased to 112.13 points in March from 112.10 points in February of 2020. Cpi Housing Utilities in Malawi averaged 108.30 points from 2017 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 112.13 points in March of 2020 and a record low of 100 points in December of 2017. This page provides - Malawi Cpi Housing Utilities- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Malawi decreased to 116.95 points in March of 2020 from 117.07 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in Malawi averaged 153.17 points from 2013 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 214.73 points in December of 2017 and a record low of 100.17 points in January of 2018. This page provides - Malawi Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Malawi thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Malawi as reported by major credit rating agencies.

OECD indicators of structural policy show that policy changes in Italy since 1998 should have improved the environment for entrepreneurship significantly, but in the same period its economic performance has deteriorated noticeably.

This paper presents the new OECD competition law and policies (CLP) indicators which measure the strength and scope of competition regimes in 49 jurisdictions (OECD and non-OECD). The indicators cover areas for which there is a broad consensus among member countries on what constitutes 'good' practice for competition regimes.

Countries that implement stringent environmental policies do not lose export competitiveness when compared against countries with more moderate regulations, according to a new OECD study that examines trade in manufactured goods between advanced and emerging economies.

This publication assesses the impact of previous competition law and policy reviews in nine Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama and Peru. This report was discussed during the 2012 annual meeting of the OECD-IDB Latin American Competition Forum held in the Dominican Republic.

The OECD Working Group on Bribery is to send a high-level mission to Brasilia as soon as possible in November, to meet with senior officials, to reinforce the message that law enforcement capacity to investigate and prosecute foreign bribery should be preserved in order to ensure that Brazil remains able and committed to meeting its obligations under the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention.

The OECD Working Group on Bribery urges Brazil, one of the founding Parties to the Anti-Bribery Convention since 1997, to preserve the full capacity and independence of law enforcement authorities to investigate and prosecute foreign bribery and corruption.

MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries are looking for ways to build a strategic public sector capacity to enable full women’s empowerment in society and public life in a sustainable manner. They also seek to ensure conformity with international standards related to issues of gender equality and human rights.

The OECD and Ukraine today signed an Action Plan for strengthening co-operation to help tackle corruption, improve public governance and the rule of law, boost investment and foster a dynamic business environment.

Towards Gender Equality before the Law

This survey was presented at the Informal ministerial meeting on responsible business conduct held in Paris on 26 June 2014.

Investment treaties are often thought to be silent on investors’ responsibilities to host societies and on their contributions to sustainable development. This paper establishes a factual and statistical basis for understanding the relationship between investment treaty law and governments’ ability to advance the sustainable development agenda and promote responsible business conduct.