Smiling and other facial expressions aren't displays of feelings that transcend cultures but turn out to be full of hidden meaning

Down is a sci-fi podcast about a crewed mission into a mysterious Antarctic hole that has opened up as a result of climate change, what will the crew find?

An analysis of a classic Monty Python sketch suggests the Minister of Silly Walks has a walking style 6.7 times more variable, or silly, than normal walking

The covid-19 pandemic has many of us stuck at home. The result could completely reshape how we use the internet, writes Annalee Newitz

There's been a surge in people wanting to grow fruit and vegetables, but the path to self-sufficiency isn't as easy as some may have you think, writes James Wong

Human behaviour is key to the spread of coronavirus, so government scientists are trying to control our decisions. Does it work, and what happens when they get it wrong?

Many ancient monuments are claimed to be aligned to celestial phenomena, but we now have the first statistical evidence this is the case for the Egyptian pyramids

Rushing medicines to market is supposed to help people in need. But relying on lower standards of evidence may ultimately cause more harm than good.

Millions of people will try a vegan diet this month for Veganuary. But can short-term or part-time vegans really reap health and environmental benefits? New Scientist put it to the test

A trillion new trees isn’t the only climate solution, but it is the cheapest and it would make a huge difference if we do it right, says ecologist Tom Crowther

Smiling and other facial expressions aren't displays of feelings that transcend cultures but turn out to be full of hidden meaning

Are shark attacks and ice cream sales linked? Do drugs work? Being able to distinguish cause and effect is crucial. Now we have the maths to do it reliably

Human behaviour is key to the spread of coronavirus, so government scientists are trying to control our decisions. Does it work, and what happens when they get it wrong?

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Friday approved a drug to treat lung and thyroid cancers driven by a specific genetic mutation that Eli Lilly and Co acquired with its 2019 purchase of Loxo Oncology.

Potbelly Corp said on Friday it is unable to file its quarterly report with the U.S. SEC by the May 8 deadline due to the COVID-19 crisis, adding to the restaurant chain's pandemic-led woes.

* LILLY RECEIVES U.S. FDA APPROVAL FOR RETEVMO™ (SELPERCATINIB), THE FIRST THERAPY SPECIFICALLY FOR PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED RET-DRIVEN LUNG AND THYROID CANCERS

White House spokeswoman Kayleigh McEnany on Friday said it appears that the FBI 'manufactured' a crime in the case of President Trump's former national security adviser Michael Flynn, after the Department of Justice moved to drop the case on Thursday.

Eight-time Grand Slam winner Ivan Lendl said whoever ends up winning the most majors among the 'Big Three' of Roger Federer, Rafa Nadal and Novak Djokovic should be considered the greatest male tennis player of the Open era.

Indian actor Rishi Kapoor, who starred in celebrated Bollywood movies such as "Bobby" and "Mera Naam Joker", died on Thursday after a two-year battle with leukemia, his family said.

Stocks moved higher in Thursdays trading session; Retail sales fell for the third straight month; Houshold net worth hit a new record. Bobbi Rebell reports.

Are shark attacks and ice cream sales linked? Do drugs work? Being able to distinguish cause and effect is crucial. Now we have the maths to do it reliably

Looking at how many more people are dying than usual gives an idea of the coronavirus pandemic’s true effect – and suggests a far higher death toll in many countries

Brain implants have revealed that we replay conscious experiences while we sleep, with the same patterns of neurons firing during sleep as in waking life

Human behaviour is key to the spread of coronavirus, so government scientists are trying to control our decisions. Does it work, and what happens when they get it wrong?

Many ancient monuments are claimed to be aligned to celestial phenomena, but we now have the first statistical evidence this is the case for the Egyptian pyramids

White House spokeswoman Kayleigh McEnany on Friday said it appears that the FBI 'manufactured' a crime in the case of President Trump's former national security adviser Michael Flynn, after the Department of Justice moved to drop the case on Thursday.

Title: Mentally Ill Kids Face Widespread Stigma
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2007 2:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2007 12:00:00 AM

Title: Children Usually Excluded From Clinical Drug Trials: Study
Category: Health News
Created: 4/30/2012 10:05:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2012 12:00:00 AM

Title: Poor Parenting Styles Linked to Bullying Behavior in Kids
Category: Health News
Created: 4/26/2013 12:36:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2013 12:00:00 AM

Title: Kelly the Robot Helps Kids Tackle Autism
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2013 12:36:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2013 12:00:00 AM

Title: Testicular Cancer on Rise in U.S., Especially Among Hispanic Men
Category: Health News
Created: 5/3/2013 12:35:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 5/3/2013 12:00:00 AM

Title: Bullying May Take Bigger Toll Than Child Abuse, Neglect
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/28/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Milder Autism Typically Diagnosed Later in Girls
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/28/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Heat Beats Cold for Treating Jellyfish Stings
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2016 12:00:00 AM

Title: Many Seniors Think They See Better Than They Actually Do
Category: Health News
Created: 2/5/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 2/6/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Is Coronavirus Also Sexually Transmitted?
Category: Health News
Created: 5/7/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/8/2020 12:00:00 AM

After a week seeing cancer patients with COVID-19 as the inpatient consult attending, Don Dizon finds himself more emotionally exhausted than he's ever been before.

Title: Especially in the Young, Cholesterol Is No Friend to the Heart
Category: Health News
Created: 12/4/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 12/4/2019 12:00:00 AM

Since March 2016, the NIH Manuscript Submission (NIHMS) system has added support for researchers from the following federal agencies to deposit in PMC any manuscripts that fall under the agency’s public access policy:

• Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR/HHS; intramural only at this time)
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA; intramural only at this time)
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA; intramural/civil servants and grantees)

Manuscript deposit support for all Administration for Community Living (ACL/HHS) researchers will be available in NIHMS by October 2017 and for Department of Homeland Security researchers in early 2018.

Additionally, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Open Access Policy now requires their grantees to make their published research results available in PMC immediately upon publication under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license. Manuscript deposit support is not provided in NIHMS for Gates-funded researchers; rather the final published version of any Gates-funded article is to be deposited directly to PMC by the publisher or a funder-supported data provider without author involvement. More information on this open access policy is available on the Gates Foundation website.

PMC will continue to update the list of participating funding agencies at Public Access and PMC as support is implemented.

Title: Are Steroids Really the Answer for Arthritic Knees?
Category: Health News
Created: 4/8/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/9/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Did the Movie 'Joker' Reinforce Prejudice Against Mentally Ill?
Category: Health News
Created: 4/27/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/28/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: U.S. Deaths From High Blood Pressure Soar, Especially in the South: Study
Category: Health News
Created: 3/23/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 3/24/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Pick Summer Camps Carefully When Your Kid Has Allergies, Asthma
Category: Health News
Created: 2/29/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 3/2/2020 12:00:00 AM

ABSTRACT

Cell division requires proper spatial coordination with the chromosome, which undergoes dynamic changes during chromosome replication and segregation. FtsZ is a bacterial cytoskeletal protein that assembles into the Z-ring, providing a platform to build the cell division apparatus. In the model bacterium Caulobacter crescentus, the cellular localization of the Z-ring is controlled during the cell cycle in a chromosome replication-coupled manner. Although dynamic localization of the Z-ring at midcell is driven primarily by the replication origin-associated FtsZ inhibitor MipZ, the mechanism ensuring accurate positioning of the Z-ring remains unclear. In this study, we showed that the Z-ring colocalizes with the replication terminus region, located opposite the origin, throughout most of the C. crescentus cell cycle. Spatial organization of the two is mediated by ZapT, a previously uncharacterized protein that interacts with the terminus region and associates with ZapA and ZauP, both of which are part of the incipient division apparatus. While the Z-ring and the terminus region coincided with the presence of ZapT, colocalization of the two was perturbed in cells lacking zapT, which is accompanied by delayed midcellular positioning of the Z-ring. Moreover, cells overexpressing ZapT showed compromised positioning of the Z-ring and MipZ. These findings underscore the important role of ZapT in controlling cell division processes. We propose that ZapT acts as a molecular bridge that physically links the terminus region to the Z-ring, thereby ensuring accurate site selection for the Z-ring. Because ZapT is conserved in proteobacteria, these findings may define a general mechanism coordinating cell division with chromosome organization.

IMPORTANCE Growing bacteria require careful tuning of cell division processes with dynamic organization of replicating chromosomes. In enteric bacteria, ZapA associates with the cytoskeletal Z-ring and establishes a physical linkage to the chromosomal replication terminus through its interaction with ZapB-MatP-DNA complexes. However, because ZapB and MatP are found only in enteric bacteria, it remains unclear how the Z-ring and the terminus are coordinated in the vast majority of bacteria. Here, we provide evidence that a novel conserved protein, termed ZapT, mediates colocalization of the Z-ring with the terminus in Caulobacter crescentus, a model organism that is phylogenetically distant from enteric bacteria. Given that ZapT facilitates cell division processes in C. crescentus, this study highlights the universal importance of the physical linkage between the Z-ring and the terminus in maintaining cell integrity.

Drivers with blood-alcohol levels below legal limits cause 15% of all crash deaths that involve alcohol, a study in the March issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine finds.

We thank F. Guezguez and H. Ben Saad for raising important questions on recommendations for assessing a bronchodilator response (BDR) in children. The authors summarise how recommended outcome measures and cut-offs for BDR in children vary between guidelines, and raise questions about our study [1].

We read with great interest the recent paper of de Jong et al. [1] evaluating the contribution of a detailed history and a variety of diagnostic tests, including spirometry and bronchodilator tests, to diagnosing asthma in 111 children. In the methodology section, with regard to their definition of a "clinically significant" bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR), the authors only considered the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) and applied the following two thresholds: ≥10% increase (no reference was cited) and ≥12% increase (according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) [2]). Their approach could be a source of confusion for at least three reasons.

Endothelial activation and microvascular dysfunction are key pathogenic processes in severe malaria. We evaluated the early role of these processes in experimentally induced Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infection. Participants were enrolled in induced blood-stage malaria clinical trials. Plasma osteoprotegerin, angiopoietin-2, and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) levels were measured as biomarkers of endothelial activation. Microvascular function was assessed using peripheral arterial tonometry and near-infrared spectroscopy, and the endothelial glycocalyx was assessed by sublingual videomicroscopy and measurement of biomarkers of degradation. Forty-five healthy, malaria-naive participants were recruited from 5 studies. Osteoprotegerin and vWF levels increased in participants following inoculation with P. vivax (n = 16) or P. falciparum (n = 15), with the angiopoietin-2 level also increasing in participants following inoculation with P. falciparum. For both species, the most pronounced increase was seen in osteoprotegerin. This was particularly marked in participants inoculated with P. vivax, where the osteoprotegerin level correlated with the levels of parasitemia and the malaria clinical score. There were no changes in measures of endothelial glycocalyx or microvascular function. Plasma biomarkers of endothelial activation increased in early P. falciparum and P. vivax infection and preceded changes in the endothelial glycocalyx or microvascular function. The more pronounced increase in osteoprotegerin suggests that this biomarker may play a role in disease pathogenesis.

Although substantial progress has been made in depicting the molecular pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, the comprehensive mechanism of HIV-1 latency and the most promising therapeutic strategies to effectively reactivate the HIV-1 latent reservoir to achieve a functional cure for AIDS remain to be systematically illuminated. Here, we demonstrated that piwi (P element-induced Wimpy)-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 4 (PIWIL4) played an important role in suppressing HIV-1 transcription and contributed to the latency state in HIV-1-infected cells through its recruitment of various suppressive factors, including heterochromatin protein 1α/β/, SETDB1, and HDAC4. The knockdown of PIWIL4 enhanced HIV-1 transcription and reversed HIV-1 latency in both HIV-1 latently infected Jurkat T cells and primary CD4⁺ T lymphocytes and resting CD4⁺ T lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected individuals on suppressive combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Furthermore, in the absence of PIWIL4, HIV-1 latently infected Jurkat T cells were more sensitive to reactivation with vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, or SAHA), JQ1, or prostratin. These findings indicated that PIWIL4 promotes HIV-1 latency by imposing repressive marks at the HIV-1 5' long terminal repeat. Thus, the manipulation of PIWIL4 could be a novel strategy for developing promising latency-reversing agents (LRAs).

IMPORTANCE HIV-1 latency is systematically modulated by host factors and viral proteins. During this process, the suppression of HIV-1 transcription plays an essential role in promoting HIV-1 latency. In this study, we found that PIWIL4 repressed HIV-1 promoter activity and maintained HIV-1 latency. In particular, we report that PIWIL4 can regulate gene expression through its association with the suppressive activity of HDAC4. Therefore, we have identified a new function for PIWIL4: it is not only a suppressor of endogenous retrotransposons but also plays an important role in inhibiting transcription and leading to latent infection of HIV-1, a well-known exogenous retrovirus. Our results also indicate a novel therapeutic target to reactivate the HIV-1 latent reservoir.