Climate change is a huge topic and often debated across the world. We continue to burn fossil fuels and ignore our charge toward human driven climate change but while our behaviour never seems to improve, something else does! For the last few decades we have been pumping chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere causing a hole in …

Continue reading "Good News, the Ozone Layer Hole is Continuing to Shrink"

The post Good News, the Ozone Layer Hole is Continuing to Shrink appeared first on Universe Today.

V konkurenci s výší škod působených na lesních i polních pozemcích přemnoženou zvěří zůstává v pozadí další z narůstajících problémů naší krajiny – totiž škody působené v ČR se úspěšně množícími vlky. Vlci přitom působí škody především chovatelům hospodářských zvířat, hlavně pak ovcí, koz a skotu. Jednou z výzev do budoucnosti je tak mimo jiné přijmout rozumná pravidla regulující stavy vlčí populace.

Ředitel České televize Jan Souček vyrukoval do boje za zvýšení koncesionářských poplatků. Zatím ke zvýšení jejich efektivity nic nepředvedl, naopak chtěl peněz mnohem víc. Jeho plán pro případ neschválení poplatků s rušením televizních kanálů nepočítal. Proč až teď?

Svět je zahlcený informacemi. Skutečná výzva je výběr těch nejpodstatnějších, které opravdu ovlivňují rozhodování. Ukazují trendy a směr. A jejich jasné, stručné, analytické podání. Přesně to vám chceme v novém newsletteru a webu 11am nabídnout. Startujeme dnes, 11. 11. 2024 přesně v 11 hodin. Na www.11am.cz za předplatné 1 111 korun měsíčně.

Vláda si může připsat úspěch, když ve sněmovně prosadila důchodovou reformu. Zatímco odborná sféra ji považuje za důležitý krok ke stabilizaci veřejných financí, opoziční strany křičí, že ji zruší. Řídí se heslem po nás potopa.

Renomovaný festival fotografie Circulation, který se každoročně koná od března do května v Paříži, letos představil série fotografií Tomeu Colla. Fotograf původem z Mallorky je pořídil v zapomenutém městě Vorkuta, které uprostřed ničeho začali ve 30. letech stavět vězni gulagu. Jak vypadá místo, odkud existuje jedno letecké spojení s Moskvou za týden, kde panují dlouhé měsíce mrazu a kde si lidé sami vyrábějí sněhové pluhy?

1. Man die slapende dakloze in Rotterdam ernstig verwondde met steen mogelijk aangehouden in Franse stad Toulon  VRT.be
2. Man die zware tegel op hoofd van slapende dakloze gooide mogelijk gearresteerd in Frankrijk  Het Laatste Nieuws
3. Verdachte (32) van aanval met betonblok op slapende dakloze in Rotterdam opgepakt in Franse stad Toulon  Het Nieuwsblad
4. Poging moord op slapende, dakloze man  Opsporing Verzocht
5. Arrestatie in Frankrijk na dood dakloze, link met Rotterdamse zaak onderzocht  NOS

UK not-for-profit Eggs for Soldiers built a life-size tank out of 5,000 cartons to help raise awareness for its upcoming March Fourth Help for Heroes Campaign.

[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=40PXCVBEwAQ&w=500&showinfo=0]

The arm was created by Enabling the Future, which has a chapter at Sienna College in Albany, New York. For its first project the Siena e-NABLE group made an Iron Man-themed hand for 5-year-old Jack Carder in Ohio.



In this case, nine-year-old Karissa Mitchell's (who was born without a right hand and most of her wrist) mother reached out to the group on campus, Siena College's director of marketing and communications said.

"She's watched the movie at least 100 times. We sing the songs all the time. We even have a karaoke machine that's 'Frozen'-themed," said Karissa's mother. The prosthetic was built using a 3-D printer and is comprised of 30 parts (it took near 30 hours to make).

To help Karissa achieve her dream of becoming a Disney princess, the team used "a pretty transparent ice blue color filament and added snowflakes to the forearm and her name with an Elsa crown on the cuff," said Alyx Gleason, the project lead and president of Siera e-NABLE. The arm also came with an Olaf LED light source.

Anyone who is in need of an arm or hand is encouraged to reach out to Siena e-NABLE.

Manon found this tiny boat on Dutch eBay. “I figured it's better than renting an expensive apartment, and it would be a great adventure!” READ MORE...

Have you ever stepped into a home and immediately felt that warm, welcoming atmosphere? It’s such a delightful experience, isn’t it? While IKEA offers lots of choices for cozy home decor, it can sometimes feel a bit overwhelming, making it easy to choose pieces that don’t quite fit together. Your space may end up disjointed and cluttered, which is the opposite of the relaxing atmosphere you’re aiming for. And as if navigating the IKEA maze isn’t tricky enough, sifting through […]

The post Can’t Get The Cozy Home Vibe? Here’s What You’re Missing appeared first on IKEA Hackers.

In the IKEAHackers Facebook Group, Brianna shared how she turned basic KALLAX units into something totally unexpected — a gorgeous credenza that includes a perfect spot for her dog to lounge. Brianna took two 2×4 KALLAX units and set them up on either end of the nook. The middle section would be left open for a dog bed. But she didn’t stop at just placing the units – she snuck in a little hacking to give the credenza an upgraded […]

The post This IKEA KALLAX Hack Combines Storage and a Cozy Dog Bed in the Coolest Way appeared first on IKEA Hackers.

The threat actors behind the AndroxGh0st malware are now exploiting a broader set of security flaws impacting various internet-facing applications, while also deploying the Mozi botnet malware. "This botnet utilizes remote code execution and credential-stealing methods to maintain persistent access, leveraging unpatched vulnerabilities to infiltrate critical infrastructures," CloudSEK said in a

The new producing artistic director of the theater and music theater season at the arts center sat for an interview for our ‘What I think’ series.

As the country’s civil war decimated elephant populations, the proportion of tuskless females rose dramatically. A new study explains why the tuskless trend continued in peacetime.

Located on the Caribbean coast, Cozumel has some of the most stunning beaches in the world. It’s not just the turquoise waters and soft sandy beaches that attract tourists from all over the world. The island is also known for its spectacular sunsets, painting the sky in vibrant colors of orange, pink and red, and promising a magical end to every day. Looking for the perfect sunset spot Seeing the sunset, however, is only half the experience. It can escalate from a simple natural phenomenon to an unforgettable memory where you choose to see it. Enter the quintessential beach bar. These getaways dot Cozumel’s beaches, each offering a different climate and different temperatures. It is important to choose the right one. With the perfect cocktail in hand, it can mean the difference between a beautiful sunset and an extraordinary sunset. Choosing where to stumble in the evening light isn’t just about finding the best spot. It’s about the atmosphere, the drinks, the service, and how the sound of the waves matches the music in the background. It is a form of art. And we’re here to guide you through it. Unveiling the Top 10 Beach Bars in Cozumel for Stunning Sunsets Cozumel, a gem in the Caribbean, is famed not just for its crystal-clear waters and vibrant marine life but also for its spectacular sunsets that paint the sky in shades of orange, pink, and purple. Among the best ways to enjoy these magical moments is from the comfort of the island’s best beach bars. Here’s a countdown to the top 10 beach bars in Cozumel for those unforgettable sunset views. 10. The Sunset Lounge Description: Nestled on the quieter side of the island, The Sunset Lounge offers a laid-back vibe with hammocks and cozy seating. Their signature cocktail, the “Caribbean Sunset”, combines local fruits with aged rum. Ambiance: Chill and intimate Unique Feature: A private pier for sunset gazers Best Time for Sunsets: Arrive an hour before sunset for the perfect spot. Interesting Fact: The Sunset Lounge was once a private retreat before opening its doors to the public. 9. Ocean Vibes Bar Description: A vibrant spot where live music and ocean views create a lively atmosphere. Their “Blue Horizon” cocktail is a must-try. Ambiance: Festive and musical Unique Feature: Live bands every evening Best Time for Sunsets: The party starts in the late afternoon, leading up to sunset. Interesting Fact: Ocean Vibes Bar holds a record for hosting the longest-running beach party on the island. 8. Coral Reef Inn Description: More of a cozy inn with a spectacular beach bar, it’s known for its extensive tequila selection and the “Mayan Mule” cocktail. Ambiance: Rustic and cozy Unique Feature: An underwater-themed bar top Best Time for Sunsets: Just as the dusk settles in. Interesting Fact: Its signature bar top features real corals and artifacts found in Cozumel’s waters. 7. Sunset Paradise Description: This bar offers panoramic views of the ocean, making it a prime spot for sunset watching. Their specialty is the “Paradise Punch”. Ambiance: Romantic and serene Unique Feature: Elevated decks for an unobstructed view Best Time for Sunsets: Half an hour before sunset is ideal. Interesting Fact: The bar’s location was chosen specifically for its unobstructed sunset views. 6. Azure Sky Bar Description: Famous for its signature “Azure Martini” and a sophisticated atmosphere. It’s a favorite among luxury travelers. Ambiance: Elegant and upscale Unique Feature: An infinity pool that blends with the ocean horizon Best Time for Sunsets: Right as the sun begins to dip below the horizon. Interesting Fact: The bar was designed by a renowned architect who wanted to capture the essence of the ocean in every element. 5. La Cazuela del Mar Description: Known for its seafood cuisine, this bar’s “Seaside Sangria” is a refreshing accompaniment to the stunning views. Ambiance: Casual and friendly Unique Feature: A menu that changes daily based on the catch of the day Best Time for Sunsets: Early evening to enjoy dinner with the show. Interesting Fact: The owner is a former fisherman who shares tales of the sea with guests. 4. The Horizon Club Description: Overlooking the highest point on the island, this bar offers not just cocktails, like their “Horizon Spritz”, but also a breathtaking view of the entire bay. Ambiance: Exclusive and private Unique Feature: A telescope for star-gazing post-sunset Best Time for Sunsets: An hour before sunset to appreciate the changing colors. Interesting Fact: It stood as a historical lookout post in the 18th century. 3. Pirate’s Hideaway Description: With a fun pirate theme, this bar serves a “Treasure Chest” cocktail filled with rum and tropical fruits. Ambiance: Fun and thematic Unique Feature: Authentic pirate memorabilia Best Time for Sunsets: As the sun starts its descent, to capture the golden hour. Interesting Fact: The bar is rumored to be built on an actual pirate hideout. 2. Moonlit Mirage Description: Offering serenity alongside inventive cocktails like the “Moonlit Mojito”, this bar is perfect for a tranquil sunset. Ambiance: Quiet and reflective Unique Feature: Moonlight reflection pools Best Time for Sunsets: Moments before the sun meets the horizon. Interesting Fact: The reflection pools are a nod to the ancient Mayan practices of moon gazing. 1. The Majestic View Description: Crowned as the best beach bar for sunsets in Cozumel, The Majestic View marvels with its “Cosmic Colada”, an interplay of local spices and coconut rum. Ambiance: Breathtaking and unforgettable Unique Feature: A cliff-top location that offers a 360-degree view of the surrounding landscape and ocean. Best Time for Sunsets: Be there an hour early to catch the gradual change in scenery. Interesting Fact: It’s said that on certain evenings, the conditions create a green flash phenomenon just as the sun sets. Each of these beach bars in Cozumel offers a unique experience for sunset seekers. From the vibrant and lively to the serene and intimate, there’s a spot for every kind of traveler looking to capture the essence of Cozumel’s sunsets. Whether you’re there for the cocktails, the company, or just the views, these bars are sure to make your evenings in Cozumel unforgettable. Additional Tips for the Perfect Sunset Experience Best Sunset Watching Practices To guarantee you don’t miss out on the splendid Cozumel sunset: Ideal Arrival Time: Aim to arrive at least an hour before the expected sunset time. This allows you to secure the best viewing spot. Photography Tips: Use a low ISO setting to avoid grainy photos. Set your camera to a small aperture (high f-number) for a deeper depth of field. Utilize the golden hour filter on photo apps for an enhanced effect. Local Etiquette and Tips Being mindful of local customs and practices enhances the experience: Local Customs: Always ask for permission before taking photos of the locals or private properties. Happy Hour Info: Many beach bars offer ‘happy hour’ specials 1-2 hours before sunset, making it a great time to enjoy discounted drinks as you wait for the sunset. Map and Directions While a detailed map cannot be displayed here, all mentioned beach bars are located along Cozumel’s western coast, facing the Caribbean Sea, ideal for sunset views. You can easily find them marked on any local map provided by the tourist offices in Cozumel. Transport Options: Taxi: Readily available and reasonably priced. Ensure to agree on the fare before the ride. Rentals: Scooters and cars are available for rent if you prefer exploring at your own pace. Public Transport: Buses and colectivos (shared vans) run frequently along the main road, offering an economical way to travel. conclusion Cozumel’s beach bars not only offer delicious drinks and a lively atmosphere, but also some of the most spectacular sunsets in the Caribbean. Remember to arrive early, be mindful of local customs, and don’t forget your camera to capture amazing scenes. Whether you want a romantic evening, a quiet solo getaway, or a fun night out with friends, these bars offer the perfect setting. We encourage all visitors to explore these areas and discover the natural beauty and unique local hospitality that Cozumel offers. And once you soak in the unique sunset, be sure to share your experience or personal tips to help your fellow travelers make the most of their Cozumel trip.

The post 10 Best Beach Bars in Cozumel for Unforgettable Sunsets appeared first on Geeky Traveller.

At least 20 children are among the dead in attacks north of Beirut and in northern Gaza, officials rescuers and medics say.

Pro-Palestinian demonstrators gathered following violence against Israeli football fans earlier in the week.

velocityconf: RT @OReillyAnimals Advice, please! Elephant Listening Project asks for ideas/solutions/help with 3 practical problems http://t.co/Y90YP3maoz

Soldiers and police were patrolling Mozambique's capital Maputo early on Thursday ahead of a planned protest against election results seen by the opposition as fraudulent.

South Africa has closed the Lebombo port of entry to and from Mozambique after 15 officials from the Ressano Garcia border fled to SA on Thursday morning for protection.

Young Mozambicans from opposition parties have given Frelimo until midday to relinquish power or face more unrest, after days of violence and looting in the country.

Mozambique is on a knife's edge as young people continue to protest against the outcome of the October elections that extended 49 years of Frelimo rule.

Human Rights Watch (HRW) said Friday that at least 30 people have been killed in Mozambique in almost three weeks of crackdowns on protests over a disputed presidential election.

It was business as usual at the Lebombo border post between SA and Mozambique on Saturday morning, with vehicles moving freely between both countries after a shutdown earlier this week.

Mozambican opposition presidential candidate Venancio Mondlane has called for gatherings at ports and borders, and in major cities from Wednesday for what he describes as a fourth round of demonstrations against a stolen election.

International Relations and Cooperation Minister Ronald Lamola threw diplomacy out the window on Tuesday and responded angrily when he was asked whether South Africa and the ANC were "protecting its friend" Frelimo in troubled Mozambique.

Expert

Anne-Miek Bibbe posted a photo:

JOEPIE: I'm almost there! I wish Uncle Jeroen was here, I'm a little, really just a little bit afraid of the dark.
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JOEPIE: Ik ben bijna bij Peter! Ik wou dat oom Jeroen hier was, ik ben een beetje, echt maar een héél klein beetje bang in het donker.

PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti (AP) — Haiti's main airport remained closed on Tuesday, a day after violence erupted as the country swore in its new prime minister in a politically tumultuous transition.

Silencing the Guns in Africa by 2030: Lessons from Mozambique 17 February 2023 — 7:00AM TO 9:00AM Anonymous (not verified) 7 February 2023 Addis Ababa and online

A hybrid event in Addis Ababa reflecting on Mozambique’s 2019 peace agreement and the lessons it offers for the African Union’s ‘Silencing the Guns’ agenda by 2030.

This event will explore opportunities for furthering the AU’s Silencing the Guns agenda by 2030 to assist Africa’s transformative development, highlighting lessons learnt from Mozambique’s experience.

The ‘Silencing the Guns in Africa’ agenda, a flagship initiative of the African Union’s (AU) Agenda 2063, aspires to end all wars and conflict, prevent genocide, and stop gender-based violence.

The 2019 peace agreement in Mozambique and the subsequent disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process supported by the United Nations (UN) but implemented by Mozambique’s government and institutions, provides experience and learning for other continental conflicts that have recently ended or resumed.

Mozambique is seeking to break from the cyclical ‘conflict trap’ where once a country experiences one civil war, it is significantly more likely to experience additional episodes of violence.

Since the end of Mozambique’s civil war in 1992, targeted armed conflict by RENAMO resumed in 2013 and ended through the new agreement in August 2019. The final reintegration into civilian life of former Mozambican combatants of opposition RENAMO will be completed in 2023.

Mozambique and Switzerland – a key supporter of successive Mozambican peace processes – have become non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for the first time in their respective histories.

At a moment when old vulnerabilities and new threats are apparent on the African continent, this seminar, held by Chatham House in partnership with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), explores opportunities to furthering the AU’s Silencing the Guns agenda by 2030 to assist Africa’s transformative development, as outlined by the UNDP in a report published in February 2022.

This hybrid event is held in partnership with the African Union Commission and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

This event will also be broadcast live via the Africa Programme Facebook page.

Julia Knöckel
Dec 22, 2020; 0:RA120.002432v1-mcp.RA120.002432
Research

A key point in achieving accurate intact glycopeptide identification is the definition of the glycan composition file that is used to match experimental with theoretical masses by a glycoproteomics search engine. At present, these files are mainly built from searching the literature and/or querying data sources focused on posttranslational modifications. Most glycoproteomics search engines include a default composition file that is readily used when processing MS data. We introduce here a glycan composition visualizing and comparative tool associated with the GlyConnect database and called GlyConnect Compozitor. It offers a web interface through which the database can be queried to bring out contextual information relative to a set of glycan compositions. The tool takes advantage of compositions being related to one another through shared monosaccharide counts and outputs interactive graphs summarizing information searched in the database. These results provide a guide for selecting or deselecting compositions in a file in order to reflect the context of a study as closely as possible. They also confirm the consistency of a set of compositions based on the content of the GlyConnect database. As part of the tool collection of the Glycomics@ExPASy initiative, Compozitor is hosted at https://glyconnect.expasy.org/compozitor/ where it can be run as a web application. It is also directly accessible from the GlyConnect database.

Sporozoites are a motile form of malaria-causing Plasmodium falciparum parasites that migrate from the site of transmission in the dermis through the bloodstream to invade hepatocytes. Sporozoites interact with many cells within the host, but the molecular identity of these interactions and their role in the pathology of malaria is poorly understood. Parasite proteins that are secreted and embedded within membranes are known to be important for these interactions, but our understanding of how they interact with each other to form functional complexes is largely unknown. Here, we compile a library of recombinant proteins representing the repertoire of cell surface and secreted proteins from the P. falciparum sporozoite and use an assay designed to detect extracellular interactions to systematically identify complexes. We identify three protein complexes including an interaction between two components of the p24 complex that is involved in the trafficking of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins through the secretory pathway. Plasmodium parasites lacking either gene are strongly inhibited in the establishment of liver stage infections. These findings reveal an important role for the p24 complex in malaria pathogenesis and show that the library of recombinant proteins represents a valuable resource to investigate P. falciparum sporozoite biology.

After undergoing surgery in late June to repair a torn left labrum in his left shoulder that required nine anchors to be inserted to keep everything in place, Zack Cozart is healthy and looking for a bounce-back season with the Angels.

Afonso Dhlakama’s Death Changes the Calculation for Peace Prospects in Mozambique Expert comment sysadmin 4 May 2018

If politicians continue to act in good faith, the death of the opposition leader may be a significant opportunity to finally draw a line under Mozambique’s long war.

The unexpected death of opposition and ex-rebel leader Afonso Dhlakama on 3 May is a game changer for Mozambique’s politics and an almost-completed peace process. The 65-year old Dhlakama, who died of a heart attack, had led Renamo for 38 years and had totally dominated his party. Dhlakama regularly boasted that he was Mozambique’s ‘father of democracy’, despite not allowing competition within his own party, and he leaves a legacy of more than 30 years of struggle, through both armed action and peaceful politics.

A long war

Originally Renamo had been a tool for the white minority regimes of Rhodesia and apartheid South Africa to challenge the socialist Frelimo political party that took power in Mozambique in 1975. But under Dhlakama’s command, by the late 1980s Renamo had become increasingly independent and rooted in Mozambique. After Renamo’s long war with Frelimo ground to a hurting stalemate, a transition led to Mozambique’s first multiparty elections in 1994, and the creation of a new joint army. A ‘pay and scatter’ programme successfully dispersed and reintegrated many thousands of ex-combatants.

But early post-election gains did not translate to lasting peace. Disarmament was a time-limited, technical process, and devoted declining resources and attention to clusters of ex-combatants that failed to disperse. In addition, Dhlakama was allowed to maintain an armed militia under the guise of a presidential guard.

Mounting economic inequality, notably in opposition strongholds such as central Mozambique, saw Renamo made political gains and Dhlakama nearly won the 1999 presidential elections. (Some believe he did.) The result focused Frelimo’s attention on the threat that Renamo posed and, ultimately, a strategy of pursuing total Frelimo domination across the country, culminating in a crushing Frelimo victory at the 2009 elections.

This humiliated and marginalized former Renamo rebels, resulting in Dhlakama ordering their return to targeted armed violence in 2013. Frelimo’s new leader, President Filipe Nyusi, took power in 2015 and sought direct dialogue with Dhlakama. Five rounds of internationally mediated peace talks took place from July to December. Finally, in late December 2016, Dhlakama announced a unilateral truce, which was extended twice and subsequently made indefinite.

New peace talks also started and, in August 2017 and February 2018, President Nyusi and Dhlakama showed the courage to meet in person, near Renamo’s base in central Mozambique, to build up mutual trust and discuss the details of the emerging peace deal – including the demobilization or integration into government security forces for Renamo’s now mostly middle-aged gunmen.

Dhlakama the ‘Big Man’

Dhlakama’s sudden death has fundamentally changed the negotiation dynamics. He never allowed for any serious succession planning, and ensured all key decisions were his and his alone. Renamo had already decided that he would be its presidential candidate for the 2019 national elections.

His party is significantly weakened by his death and unlikely able to fully recover – but needs to try and reach consensus quickly on a successor, as it will also compete in municipal elections in October and was expecting significant gains. There will be a number of contenders to succeed him including from the parliamentary wing, led by his niece Ivone Soares, its secretary general, Manuel Bissopo, and a few others.

But Renamo’s key leverage for now remains some 1,000 middle-aged gunmen in central Mozambique who have been stoically loyal to Dhlakama since the 1980s and who have little respect for the younger generation of professional politicians based in Maputo. Some may be bought off by government offers, others integrated into localised organized crime groups and others into internal Renamo sectarianism. The risk of fragmentation is real.

Renamo’s weakness could also embolden Frelimo hardliners to seek a return to unilateral domination of Mozambique’s political landscape, and to undermine the peace process. That would be a serious tactical mistake by Frelimo, as a lasting deal is close and the death of Dhlakama could actually assist in making this settlement lasting. Dhlakama was quixotic and prone to changing his mind, often influenced by the last person he spoke to – his death potentially introduces greater predictability in negotiations and in any post-deal implementation.

President Nyusi is clearly aware of this as he hailed on state television TVM that Dhlakama was ‘a citizen who has always worked for Mozambique’ and said he was distraught at the news of his death. He stated, ‘I hope that we as Mozambicans can continue to do everything so things do not go down.’ He also addressed Renamo’s support base by saying that ‘[Dhlakama] did everything so that there would be peace. The last time he spoke to me, he said he was not going to miss out anything in peace negotiations.’

Renamo’s gunmen are fatigued and want to retire with dignity but are vulnerable to manipulation and political miscalculation by Mozambican’s positioning politicians. International partners and investors can engage, by emphasizing that sustainable peace is the only pathway to poverty reduction and inclusive economic development.

This includes assisting development and reconciliation projects in areas impacted by the renewed conflict since 2013. Long-term investment for development in Renamo’s key constituencies could help avoid fragmentation at a critical time – faith groups and NGOs may also have a key role to play.

If Mozambique’s politicians continue to act in good faith, the death of Dhlakama may constitute a significant opportunity to finally draw a line under Mozambique’s long war.

Hope, Peace and Reconciliation: Pope Francis in Mozambique Expert comment sysadmin 4 September 2019

A papal visit will highlight the importance of the recently signed peace agreement between the government and opposition.

Pope Francis’ visit to Mozambique on 4–6 September comes at a critical political moment. The theme for the papal Africa trip (which also includes Madagascar and Mauritius) is ‘pilgrim of hope, peace and reconciliation’. This is especially relevant for Mozambique, as this is the first week of the official campaign for Mozambique’s sixth national elections on 15 October.

It is also the one-month anniversary of the Maputo Accords for Peace and Reconciliation between the government and the armed opposition, RENAMO (and the fifth anniversary of the previous such agreement in 2014).

What is unusual is that the pope accepted to visit Mozambique just after a peace accord and in the run-up to national elections. Something similar has happened only once, when Pope John Paul II visited Angola in June 1992 (following the Bicesse Accords) prior to the country’s first ever national elections in September. Unfortunately Pope John Paul’s preaching of reconciliation and pluralism failed and civil war resumed some months later, following rejection of the preliminary election results. Angola’s civil war only finally ended a decade later in 2002.

The last papal visit to Mozambique was also by Pope John Paul II in 1988, when civil war was still ongoing, and the country was still a single party state. Despite the war, massive congregations attended and RENAMO reached local ceasefires and agreements to maintain electricity supply to honour the visit. Some of the seeds for the Rome peace process were laid during this trip – especially as it also represented a formal reconciliation of FRELIMO, the ruling party, with the Catholic Church.

This papal visit to Mozambique is equally anticipated, as was highlighted several times during speeches at the 6 August peace agreement signing in Maputo. When I was in Maputo last month, sales of papal-pictured capulanas (a Mozambican sarong) were brisk and Mozambican television carried countdown clocks on many programmes for the touchdown of Pope Francis on national soil.

The Catholic Church has played an instrumental role in promoting peace in Mozambique over the years. The 1977–92 civil war ended through negotiations hosted at the Sant’ Egidio lay community in Rome, and the current Archbishop of Bologna, Dom Matteo Zuppi (who led the Sant’ Egido negotiations in 1992 and is soon to be made a cardinal) was an official witness to 6 August accords signing.

When targeted armed conflict resumed in 2013, faith groups once more re-engaged and in 2016 Sant’ Egidio once more co-led mediation efforts, less successfully than in 1991–92. Sant’ Egidio (including during a presidential visit to Rome in July) contributed to convincing the Vatican that this papal visit should occur before the October elections.

President Filipe Nyusi anxiously wanted this visit to occur before the elections. He is seeking re-election for his second and final term and a papal visit should help win some votes. His party, FRELIMO, is also worried about securing a majority in the national assembly, as it has been weakened by patchy delivery of services and ongoing high-level corruption scandals.

This year, President Nyusi’s priorities have been to show that he can attract international investment (such as Andarko’s recently announced final investment decision on its gas project), a peace agreement with RENAMO (the August agreements) and a papal visit, so a successful trip would complete his goals.

The pope’s ‘hope, peace and reconciliation’ message of his visit is important. Twice previously, the FRELIMO-led government and RENAMO have reached definitive agreements, in Rome (1992) and Maputo (2014), but failed to fully end bloodshed. This new August 2019 agreement is the third attempt, and if it is to last, it will require political goodwill, compromise and an acceptance of more inclusive national politics by both parties.

There are two immediate threats to this agreement. The first is the forthcoming 15 October elections and their conduct could make or break it. Accepting reconciliation and greater pluralism underpins this agreement, but RENAMO expects to increase its share of the parliamentary vote and win a majority in some provinces (and therefore indirectly elect their choice for governor).

A second threat is the ‘Military Junta’, a RENAMO splinter group that claims to be 500 strong, but probably accounts for 80 armed persons. It rejects the 6 August agreement and warns that it could disrupt the elections. This group has asked for mediation, and hopefully can be accommodated in a side deal to the main one agreed in August, which already provides for the reintegration of over 5,000 RENAMO supporters and combatants.

A recent Chatham House research paper on elite bargains in Mozambique concluded that the October elections will be the first immediate test of the August agreement. If the elections pass without significant electoral manipulation or violence and this August deal sticks on the third attempt, the domestic focus should then move onto poverty reduction, combating inequality, education and solving the new security crisis with Islamic militants in Cabo Delgado province.

Mozambique’s Peace and National Reconciliation Agreement: One Year On 6 August 2020 — 2:30PM TO 4:30PM Anonymous (not verified) 29 July 2020 Online

August 6, 2020 marks one year since the Peace and National Reconciliation Agreement was signed in Maputo. The agreement, signed by the President of Mozambique Filipe Nyusi and RENAMO leader Ossufo Momade, and witnessed by regional and international political and religious leaders, ended the return to conflict that started in 2013.

It also paved the way for Mozambique’s national elections in October 2019. Since the agreement, the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) won a landslide victory in the elections, weakening RENAMO, and a splinter group has conducted targeted armed violence in Manica and Sofala provinces. Yet, the disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) process has made progress.

At this event, senior figures reflect on the peace agreement and the key factors of its success. The event also draws upon insights from the authors of recent publications on the latest peace agreement in the context of longer term trends of democratization and peace-building in Mozambique.

A Chatham House Africa Programme research paper published in August 2019, Prospects for a Sustainable Elite Bargain in Mozambique: Third Time Lucky?, examined how the deal was achieved. The Portuguese version includes the full text of the peace accord. Read the research paper in Portuguese or English here.

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