monitoring

MONITORING HEAD WEAR

A computer system for monitoring head wear includes reading from a cartridge a high frequency pattern and a low frequency pattern, determining a first read amplitude corresponding to the high frequency pattern and a second read amplitude corresponding to the low frequency pattern, and determining a head wear metric according to the first read amplitude and the second read amplitude.




monitoring

SELF-MONITORING TIME SERIES DATABASE SYSTEM THAT ENFORCES USAGE POLICIES

A self-monitoring time series database system which enforces usage policies is described. A time series database system receives an alert trigger condition for a system user, wherein the system user is associated with multiple time series data points corresponding to multiple subsystems of the time series database system. The time series database system aggregates the multiple time series data points in an internal time series data point, which is internal to the time series database system, associated with the system user. The time series database system evaluates whether the internal time series data point associated with the system user meets the alert trigger condition. The time series database system reduces a level of access by the system user to the time series database system in response to an evaluation that the internal time series data point associated with the system user meets the alert trigger condition.




monitoring

DUCTLESS FUME HOOD GAS MONITORING AND DETECTION SYSTEM

A ductless fume hood suitable for the removal of various chemical materials including toxic and non-toxic gases, vapors, particles, dust and unpleasant odors from a fluid stream. The ductless fume hood uses electronic devices and software to enable real time monitoring of gas levels in parts per million.




monitoring

FREQUENCY MODULATED CONTINUOUS WAVE RADIO ALTIMETER SPECTRAL MONITORING

In one embodiment, a radio altimeter tracking filter is provided. The filter comprises: a wireless radio interface; a processor coupled to the wireless radio interface; a memory coupled to the wireless radio interface; wherein the wireless radio interface is configured to wirelessly receive a radio altimeter signal and convert the radio altimeter signal to a baseband frequency signal, wherein the a radio altimeter signal sweeps across a first frequency spectrum between a first frequency and a second frequency; wherein the processor is configured to pass the baseband frequency signal through a filter executed by the processor, the filter comprising a passband having a first bandwidth, and wherein the filter outputs a plurality of spectral chirps in response to the baseband frequency signal passing through the first bandwidth; wherein the processor is configured to process the plurality of spectral chirps to output characteristic parameters that characterize the radio altimeter signal.




monitoring

ROBUST DUAL-RADAR-BEAM SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING

A first method includes receiving a first reflected radar signal from a target in a first field of view and receiving a second reflected radar signal from a target in a second field of view offset from the first field of view by a predetermined distance; transforming the first and second reflected radar signals to obtain first and second sets of frequency coefficients, from which a frequency-dependent phase difference is obtained; and calculating a time-delay from the slope of the frequency dependence. A second method includes obtaining summed difference values between the first and second radar responses, where each of the summed difference values corresponds to different time shifts between the first and second radar response, and deriving from the summed difference values a time-delay associated with the target's motion from the first field of view to the second field of view. A third method combines the time-delays or associated speeds obtained from independent estimators.




monitoring

RACK AIRFLOW MONITORING SYSTEM AND METHOD

A rack airflow monitoring system is configured to measure airflow through an equipment rack having a housing and a perforated front door to enable air to flow into an interior of the housing. The system includes a control module, and a plurality of airflow sensors secured to the front door of the equipment rack and coupled to the control module. Each airflow sensor is configured to detect a parameter used to measure airflow and communicate detected parameters to the control module. The control module is configured to obtain temperature, airflow velocity, and airflow directionality from the plurality of airflow sensors at the front door of the equipment rack.




monitoring

System of systems for monitoring greenhouse gas fluxes

A system of systems to monitor data for carbon flux, for example, at scales capable of managing regional net carbon flux and pricing carbon financial instruments is disclosed. The system of systems can monitor carbon flux in forests, soils, agricultural areas, body of waters, flue gases, and the like. The system includes a means to identify and quantify sources of carbon based on simultaneous measurement of isotopologues of carbon dioxide, for example, industrial, agricultural or natural sources, offering integration of same in time and space. Carbon standards are employed at multiple scales to ensure harmonization of data and carbon financial instruments.




monitoring

ADJUNCT DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR AN INJECTOR FOR MONITORING INJECTED AMOUNTS

In some embodiments, an adjunct device for tracks time and/or dosage of a medicine. The device may include a connector for mounting the device to a deposable pen injector. The device may be configured to allow use of the native controls and injectors of the injector. For example the device may include a view port for viewing a dose indicator of the injector. The device may include one or more vibration sensors. A processor may be configured to differentiate increasing a dose, decreasing a dose and/or discharging the medicine based on the output of the sensors. Optionally a display of the device may be positioned for simultaneous viewing with the dosage indicator of the injector. For example a user may verify the accuracy of the adjunct device before performing a discharge.




monitoring

INTELLIGENTLY-ANALGESIC INFUSION PUMP MONITORING SYSTEM AND METHOD

The present invention discloses a system and method for monitoring an infusion pump capable of intelligently easing pain. Each infusion pump control terminal is connected with a monitoring server through a wireless AP and a local area network respectively; each human body vital sign sensor is connected with the signal input end of a field programmable gate array FPGA through a sensor interface circuit respectively, an infusion control device is connected with the control signal output end of the field programmable gate array FPGA, the field programmable gate array FPGA is in communication with an ARM processor in a bus coding mode, and the ARM processor is in communication connection with the wireless AP through a WIFI communication module. By means of the system and method for monitoring infusion pump capable of intelligently easing pain, a plurality of basic vital sign data of a patient is collected in real time, corresponding infusion schemes are generated through analysis of the data, the infusion pump is controlled to achieve automatic infusion, monitoring and pain-easing infusion are combined together for coordinative work, and infusion control is more scientific and reliable; patient online perception and feedback is supported, self-improvement of a system is facilitated, and more accurate and reliable infusion schemes can be acquired.




monitoring

HIGH-VOLTAGE DRY APPARATUS PROVIDED WITH A CONTINUOUS MONITORING DEVICE

The invention relates to a high-voltage dry apparatus having a semiconductor layer (2) covered by a metal screen (3), this screen (3) being eliminated so as to expose this semiconductor layer (2) over a length, this cable being connected to an element of equipment having an outer envelope (6) mechanically connected to said screen. According to the invention, an electronic monitoring arrangement (20) is contained within said envelope (6), this electronic arrangement (20) being electrically connected to an electrical power supply arrangement (21) surrounding said semiconductor layer (2) and to the metal screen (3) of said cable on either side of said length of the exposed semiconductor layer.




monitoring

MONITORING OF INSULATION CONDITIONS DURING ELECTRICAL SYSTEM EVENTS USING DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT SENSOR

Systems and methods are disclosed for on-line monitoring of the condition of insulation in electrical devices employing a differential current sensor. In certain embodiments a monitor that can be fitted to existing electrical devices by attachment of the sensor to a pair of phase cables is provided. In other embodiments, an electrical device configured with an insulation monitor is provided.




monitoring

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING A FLUID LIFTING DEVICE

A system (100, 200) is presented. The system includes a fluid lifting device (102, 202) located inside a well (106, 206), and comprising an electrical motor (108, 208), a three phase cable (114, 214) for coupling the fluid lifting device to a power source (112, 212), at least one high sensitivity differential current transformer (104, 203, 204) for generating imbalance signals (128, 227) representative of an imbalance current in at least one of the electrical motor and the three phase cable, wherein the at least one high sensitivity differential current transformer is disposed such that the at least one high sensitivity differential current transformer surrounds at least a portion of the three phase cable, and a processing subsystem (136, 236) for monitoring the health of at least one of the fluid lifting device and the three phase cable based on the imbalance signals.




monitoring

PROGNOSTIC AND HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR CIRCUIT BREAKERS

A system can include at least one circuit breaker. The system can also include a prognostic and health monitoring (PHM) system. The PHM system can include at least one measuring device that measures at least one parameter associated with the at least one circuit breaker. The PHM system can also include a controller that receives measurements made by the at least one measuring device and analyzes the measurements to evaluate a performance of the at least one circuit breaker. The measurements can be made while the at least one circuit breaker is in service.




monitoring

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE, BATTERY MONITORING SYSTEM, AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE DIAGNOSING METHOD

The present disclosure provides a semiconductor device including: a power supply input section to which a first voltage from a battery cell is input; a boosting section including one end to which the first voltage from the power supply input section is input, and another end that, based on a control signal from a controller, outputs the first voltage or a second voltage boosted from the first voltage from as a power supply voltage; and a comparison section including an output section, a first input section connected to the power supply input section and the one end of the boosting section, and a second input section connected to the another end of the boosting section, the comparison section outputting a voltage from the output section that corresponds to a difference between voltages input to the first input section and the second input section.




monitoring

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE, BATTERY MONITORING SYSTEM, AND DIAGNOSTIC METHOD FOR SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A semiconductor device for measuring a voltage of a battery cell, including first and second nodes, and first and second battery voltage measurement units. The first node is configured to receive a first voltage, the first voltage being a voltage of a capacitor that accumulates an electric charge based on the voltage of the battery cell. The first battery voltage measurement unit measures the first voltage through a first path. The second node is configured to receive a second voltage based on the voltage of the battery cell, the second node being different from the first node. The second battery voltage measurement unit measures the second voltage through a second path that is different from the first path.




monitoring

MULTI-PARAMETRIC ENVIRONMENTAL DIAGNOSTICS AND MONITORING SENSOR NODE

The multi-parametric environmental diagnostics and monitoring sensor node (10) provides monitoring and diagnostics of a variety of different ambient environmental factors and is powered by multiple sources of renewable energy. The multi-parametric environmental diagnostics and monitoring sensor node (10) includes a base (38) and a plurality of environmental condition sensors (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) mounted thereon. A controller (47) is also mounted on the base (38), the plurality of environmental condition sensors (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) being in communication therewith. An external photovoltaic cell (18) is mounted to the base and an internal photovoltaic cell (34) is mounted in an opposed orientation on a cover (32). The external photovoltaic cell (18) and the internal photovoltaic cell (34) charge a power storage module (52), which powers the plurality of environmental condition sensors (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) and the controller (47).




monitoring

APPARATUS, METHOD, AND SYSTEM FOR DETECTING ACCELERATION AND MOTOR MONITORING

Described is a system which includes: a cable including: a first fiber optic interconnect to provide an input light; and a second fiber optic interconnect to provide an output light; and a first housing coupled to the cable, the first housing including: a first deflection circuit to deflect the input light received from the first fiber optic interconnect in response to a vibration or movement of the first housing; and a second housing coupled to the cable, the second housing including: a light source to generate the input light for transmission to the first deflection circuit via the first fiber optic interconnect; and a photo detector to receive the output light from the first deflection circuit via the second fiber optic interconnect.




monitoring

Monitoring Liquid Chromatography Elution to Determine When to Perform a Lockmass Calibration

A method of mass spectrometry is disclosed that comprises acquiring mass spectral data during a single experimental run or acquisition of a mass spectrometer and determining a first time T during the single experimental run or acquisition for calibrating the mass spectrometer. The step of determining the first time T further comprises determining a time when the mass spectral data being acquired during the single experimental run or acquisition is equal to or below a threshold. The mass spectrometer is then calibrated by introducing calibrant or lockmass ions at the first time T.




monitoring

Celtic monitoring progress of promising Cherno More striker Martin Minchev

Celtic are monitoring the progress of promising young Bulgarian striker Martin Minchev.




monitoring

Emergency services monitoring uncontained fires across NSW mid-north coast

Emergency services are keeping a close watch on large blazes at Middle Creek Road, Kangaroo Creek north of Coffs Harbour, and at Verges Creek north of Crescent Head in northern NSW, after residents were warned to seek shelter.




monitoring

Parole audit after Darwin shooting exposes flaws in monitoring of criminals

An urgent parole audit ordered by the NT's Chief Minister in the wake of a shooting spree in Darwin earlier this month finds a number of parolees and offenders are not being adequately monitored.




monitoring

Online mental health monitoring trial keeps track of young people's progress in real time

Regional trials of a world-first digital platform aimed at transforming access to mental health services for young people tracks how participants are feeling in real time.




monitoring

Calls for air quality monitoring as northern NSW braces for severe bushfire season

A research team is deployed in response to persistent smoke from a bushfire that has been burning for nearly two months in underground peat on the NSW Mid North Coast.




monitoring

IOC, UEFA monitoring coronavirus threat ahead of Olympics, Euro 2020




monitoring

State Budget Deficit / Yuba Sutter Mall Reopening / Monitoring Mental Anxiety / COVID-19 Children’s Book

We check in on the state budget deficit and the controversial reopening of the Yuba Sutter Mall. A trio of UC Davis Medical Center nurses on the value of nursing during the pandemic. How to monitor mental health and a new COVID-19 children’s book.




monitoring

Tenth International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure*

International Society for Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastracture will host Tenth International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure on June 30 - July 2, 2021 in Porto, Portugal. TRB is pleased to cosponsor this event. The conference provides a forum for idea exchanges, knowledge sharing, and technology-need matchmaking in the global Structural Health Monitoring and Nondestructive Testing community. It serves as a unique venue to showcase U.S. and gl...




monitoring

Monitoring Intermediates in CO2 Conversion to Formate by Metal Catalyst

The production of formate from CO2 is considered an attractive strategy for the long-term storage of solar renewable energy in chemical form.




monitoring

UFO spotted over Madrid monitoring coronavirus situation - bizarre claim



AN ALIEN hunter believes he has spotted a UFO over Spain, which he claims intelligent extraterrestrials are using to monitor the coronavirus situation.





monitoring

Dock workers in Belgium are wearing monitoring bracelets that enforce social distancing — here's how they work

  • Dockworkers in Belgium are wearing bracelets to enforce social distancing.
  • The bracelets were already used to detect if someone fell into the water, but now they will sound an alarm if workers get to close to each other.
  • Manufacturers say there is no privacy issue and the bracelets don't track workers' locations, despite concerns.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

Quarantine and social distancing are going high-tech as countries and companies embrace wearables. In Antwerp, Belgium, dockworkers are instructed to wear bracelets that enforce social distancing rules while they work.

Europe, where more than 100,000 people have died from COVID-19, is slowly starting to reopen in some places. Stay at home orders are expiring in many countries, while nonessential travel has stopped across the EU, and countries look towards the summer to anticipate what kind of travel might be possible. 

People are beginning to go back to work, which in some sectors means inevitable close contact, especially in many essential jobs. Social distancing bracelets in Belgium are one idea bing tested to see what the future of work might look like after coronavirus.

Here's how it works. 

SEE ALSO: People arriving in Hong Kong must wear tracking bracelets for 2 weeks or face jail time. Here's how they work.

The black, plastic bracelets are worn on the wrist like a watch.



They're made by Belgian company Rombit, which says that they are "a fully integrated personal safety and security device, specifically designed for highly industrial environments."

Source: Romware



Rombit already made bracelets useful in the port setting, which could be used to call for help if a worker fell into the water or another accident occurred.



Europe is slowly starting to go back to work, but fears of a second wave are making officials cautious.



Contact tracing is one solution being explored around the world, and the manufacturers of the bracelet believe it could also be used for contact tracing.

Source: The Associated Press



European health guidances say to wash hands, wear masks, and keep at least 1.5 meters, or about five feet, apart.



When two workers are less than five feet apart, the bracelets will sound warnings.



Rombit CEO John Baekelmans told Reuters that the bracelets won't allow companies to track employees' locations, because the devices are only connected to each other. He says there is no central server.

Source: Reuters



Workers in the control tower will be the first to test the bracelets early this month.



Then, the Port of Antwerp will likely expand the devices to tug boat workers.



Baekelmans told Reuters that Rombit already had hundreds of requests in 99 countries, and is hoping to ramp up production to 25,000 in a few weeks.






monitoring

10 of the best fitness trackers for monitoring heart rate

BEST FITNESS TRACKER DEALS:


Wellness is a buzzy word lately. Over the past few years, we’ve seen a surge in all things health, wellness, and spirituality. Juice bars are popping up, boutique studios are becoming more accessible, and essential oils are chilling us out. Self-care is becoming more of the norm too, but amidst all this hype, it can be challenging to find the right routine that promotes good exercise, sleep, vitals, and mindset.  Read more...

More about Apple Watch, Fitness Trackers, Smart Watch, Heart Rate Monitor, and Mashable Shopping
IMAGE: Amazon

BEST OVERALL

Apple Watch Series 4

Take heart monitoring to the next level with the Apple Watch Series 4's amazing EKG feature and FDA-cleared precision.

  • Warranty: 90 days with Apple Care+
  • Smartphone compatibility: Yes
  • Battery life: 22 hours
  • Weight: 1.06 oz
  • What you'll get: A case, band, 1m magnetic charging cable, and 5W USB Power Adapter
$236.98 from Amazon

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST BANG FOR YOUR BUCK

Polar A370 Fitness Tracker

Smartphone compatibility and a variety of wellness features makes Polar’s A370 Fitness Tracker our top choice for health management.

  • Warranty: 2 years
  • Smartphone Compatibility: Yes
  • Battery life: 4 days
  • Weight: 13.8 ounces
  • What you’ll get: A Polar A370 Fitness Tracker, a band, a charging cable, and a manual
$114.99 from Amazon

IMAGE: Amazon

EASIEST TO USE

Fitbit Charge 3 Fitness Activity Tracker

The new Charge 3 provides no-fuss wellness features to take your daily sleep, workouts, and vitals to the next level.

  • Warranty: 45-day guarantee and 1 year warranty
  • Smartphone compatibility: Yes
  • Battery life: 7 days
  • Weight: 4.8 ounces
  • What you’ll get: A Fitbit Charge 3, classic wristbands (both small & large), and a charging cable
$119.03 from Amazon

IMAGE: Best Buy

BEST FOR ATHLETES

Garmin Forerunner 735XT Smartwatch

With sport-specific settings, advanced training feedback, and a connected app, Garmin’s Forerunner 735XT Smartwatch is the perfect fitness companion for athletes.

  • Warranty: 1 year
  • Smartphone compatibility: Yes
  • Battery life: 1 day
  • Weight: 1.4 ounces
  • What you’ll get: A Garmin Forerunner 735XT Smartwatch, a charging/data clip, and a manual
$349.99 from Best Buy

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST FOR TECH ENTHUSIASTS

Nokia Steel HR Hybrid Smartwatch

Add some tech to your exercise regimen with the Nokia’s Steel HR Hybrid with Alexa integration and three different heart monitor modes.

  • Warranty: 1 year
  • Smartphone compatibility: Yes
  • Battery life: 25 days
  • Weight: 8.2 ounces
  • What you’ll get: A Nokia Steel HR Hybrid Smartwatch and a CR2 battery
$199.95 from Amazon

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST FOR WATER SPORTS

Garmin vívoactive 3

  • Warranty: 1 year
  • Smartphone compatibility: Yes
  • Battery life: 10 days
  • Weight: 1.44 ounces
  • What you'll get: A vívoactive 3 Fitness Tracker, a charging/data cable, and manuals
$319.99 from Amazon

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST FOR STYLE

Motiv Ring

  • Warranty: 45-day guarantee and 1-year warranty
  • Smartphone compatibility: Yes
  • Battery life: 3 days
  • Weight: 1.6 ounces
  • What you'll get: A Motiv Ring, sizing set, and two slim charging docks
$199.99 from Amazon

IMAGE: Amazon

BUDGET PICK

Microtella Fitness Tracker

Microtella’s Fitness Tracker is affordable, monitors your heart rate, and comes with 14 different fitness settings for personalized workout stats.

  • Warranty: None
  • Smartphone Compatibility: Yes
  • Battery life: 7 days
  • Weight: 4 ounces
  • What you’ll get: A Microtella Fitness Tracker, a band, and a USB charger
$39.99 from Amazon

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST OF BOTH WORLDS

Samsung Galaxy Fit

The perfect midpoint between the Fitbit and Apple Watch, the Samsung Galaxy Fit is great for tracking your high-intensity activities and for managing your daily life.

  • Warranty: 1 year
  • Smartphone Compatibility: Yes
  • Battery Life: 7 days
  • Weight: 3.2 ounces
  • What you'll get: Samsung Galaxy Fit, charging cable, manuals
$79 from Amazon

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST ON-SCREEN WORKOUTS

Fitbit Versa

The Fitbit Versa is best for those who need some extra guidance in the gym, and thanks to its comprehensive array of on-screen workouts, you'll get exactly that.

  • Warranty: 1 year
  • Smartphone Compatibility: Yes
  • Battery Life: 4 days
  • Weight: 5.12 ounces
  • What you'll get: Fitbit Versa, charging cable, manuals
$199.95 from Amazon

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST BATTERY LIFE

Wahoo TICKR

Won't take up precious real estate on your wrists and will provide personalized heart rate training, as well as an unbeatable 12-month battery life.

  • Warranty: 1 year
  • Smartphone Compatibility: Yes
  • Battery Life: 1 year
  • Weight: 2.4 ounces
  • What you'll get: Wahoo TICKR, battery, manuals
$45.94 from Amazon




monitoring

Parallel Reaction Monitoring for High Resolution and High Mass Accuracy Quantitative, Targeted Proteomics

Amelia C. Peterson
Nov 1, 2012; 11:1475-1488
Technological Innovation and Resources




monitoring

Quantitative Mass Spectrometric Multiple Reaction Monitoring Assays for Major Plasma Proteins

Leigh Anderson
Apr 1, 2006; 5:573-588
Research




monitoring

CBD Communiqué: CBD Secretariat and the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre strengthen links for the preparation of the 2010 Nagoya Biodiversity Summit.




monitoring

CBD News: It is my pleasure to welcome you all to this Technical Workshop on Monitoring of Marine and Coastal Biodiversity, being held on the margins of the twentieth meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice.




monitoring

CBD Notification SCBD/IMS/JMF/NS/ET/CP/88538 (2019-109): Date extension: Thematic Consultation on Transparent Implementation, Monitoring, Reporting and Review Mechanism, 20-22 February 2020 - Kunming, China and Thematic Consultation on Capacity Building a




monitoring

Quantitative profiling of protein tyrosine kinases in human cancer cell lines by multiplexed parallel reaction monitoring assays [Technology]

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play key roles in cellular signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, cell division, and cell differentiation. Dysregulation of PTK-activated pathways, often by receptor overexpression, gene amplification, or genetic mutation, is a causal factor underlying numerous cancers. In this study, we have developed a parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-based assay for quantitative profiling of 83 PTKs. The assay detects 308 proteotypic peptides from 54 receptor tyrosine kinases and 29 nonreceptor tyrosine kinases in a single run. Quantitative comparisons were based on the labeled reference peptide method. We implemented the assay in four cell models: 1) a comparison of proliferating versus epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated A431 cells, 2) a comparison of SW480Null (mutant APC) and SW480APC (APC restored) colon tumor cell lines, and 3) a comparison of 10 colorectal cancer cell lines with different genomic abnormalities, and 4) lung cancer cell lines with either susceptibility (11-18) or acquired resistance (11-18R) to the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib. We observed distinct PTK expression changes that were induced by stimuli, genomic features or drug resistance, which were consistent with previous reports. However, most of the measured expression differences were novel observations. For example, acquired resistance to erlotinib in the 11-18 cell model was associated not only with previously reported upregulation of MET, but also with upregulation of FLK2 and downregulation of LYN and PTK7. Immunoblot analyses and shotgun proteomics data were highly consistent with PRM data. Multiplexed PRM assays provide a targeted, systems-level profiling approach to evaluate cancer-related proteotypes and adaptations. Data are available through Proteome eXchange Accession PXD002706.




monitoring

Monitoring the itinerary of lysosomal cholesterol in Niemann-Pick Type C1-deficient cells after cyclodextrin treatment [Research Articles]

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) disease is a lipid-storage disorder that is caused by mutations in the genes encoding NPC proteins and results in lysosomal cholesterol accumulation. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) has been shown to reduce lysosomal cholesterol levels and enhance sterol homeostatic responses, but CD’s mechanism of action remains unknown. Recent work provides evidence that CD stimulates lysosomal exocytosis, raising the possibility that lysosomal cholesterol is released in exosomes. However, therapeutic concentrations of CD do not alter total cellular cholesterol, and cholesterol homeostatic responses at the ER are most consistent with increased ER membrane cholesterol. To address these disparate findings, here we used stable isotope labeling to track the movement of lipoprotein cholesterol cargo in response to CD in NPC1-deficient U2OS cells. Although released cholesterol was detectable, it was not associated with extracellular vesicles. Rather, we demonstrate that lysosomal cholesterol trafficks to the plasma membrane (PM), where it exchanges with lipoprotein-bound cholesterol in a CD-dependent manner. We found that in the absence of suitable extracellular cholesterol acceptors, cholesterol exchange is abrogated, cholesterol accumulates in the PM, and reesterification at the ER is increased. These results support a model in which CD promotes intracellular redistribution of lysosomal cholesterol, but not cholesterol exocytosis or efflux, during the restoration of cholesterol homeostatic responses.




monitoring

Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: The Basics

Evan M. Benjamin
Jan 1, 2002; 20:
Practical Pointers




monitoring

Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range

Tadej Battelino
Aug 1, 2019; 42:1593-1603
International Consensus Report




monitoring

Improved Glycemic Control in Poorly Controlled Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Using Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Dorothee Deiss
Dec 1, 2006; 29:2730-2732
BR Emerging Treatments and Technologies




monitoring

International Consensus on Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Thomas Danne
Dec 1, 2017; 40:1631-1640
Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Risk of Hypoglycemia




monitoring

Evaluating Clinical Accuracy of Systems for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose

William L Clarke
Sep 1, 1987; 10:622-628
Technical Article




monitoring

Impact of Fat, Protein, and Glycemic Index on Postprandial Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Intensive Diabetes Management in the Continuous Glucose Monitoring Era

Kirstine J. Bell
Jun 1, 2015; 38:1008-1015
Type 1 Diabetes at a Crossroads




monitoring

Glucose Management Indicator (GMI): A New Term for Estimating A1C From Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Richard M. Bergenstal
Nov 1, 2018; 41:2275-2280
Perspectives in Care




monitoring

Diabetes Technology Update: Use of Insulin Pumps and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Hospital

Guillermo E. Umpierrez
Aug 1, 2018; 41:1579-1589
Diabetes Care Symposium




monitoring

International Consensus on Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Thomas Danne
Dec 1, 2017; 40:1631-1640
Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Risk of Hypoglycemia




monitoring

Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range

Tadej Battelino
Aug 1, 2019; 42:1593-1603
International Consensus Report




monitoring

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnancy: Importance of Analysing Temporal Profiles to Understand Clinical Outcomes

OBJECTIVE

To determine if temporal glucose profiles differed between 1) women who were randomized to real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) or self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG), 2) women who used insulin pumps or multiple daily insulin injections (MDIs), and 3) women whose infants were born large for gestational age (LGA) or not, by assessing CGM data obtained from the Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Women With Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy Trial (CONCEPTT).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Standard summary metrics and functional data analysis (FDA) were applied to CGM data from the CONCEPTT trial (RT-CGM, n = 100; SMBG, n = 100) taken at baseline and at 24- and 34-weeks gestation. Multivariable regression analysis determined if temporal differences in 24-h glucose profiles occurred between comparators in each of the three groups.

RESULTS

FDA revealed that women using RT-CGM had significantly lower glucose (0.4–0.8 mmol/L [7–14 mg/dL]) for 7 h/day (0800 h–1200 h and 1600 h–1900 h) compared with those with SMBG. Women using pumps had significantly higher glucose (0.4–0.9 mmol/L [7–16 mg/dL]) for 12 h/day (0300 h to 0600 h, 1300 h to 1800 h, and 2030 h to 0030 h) at 24 weeks with no difference at 34 weeks compared with MDI. Women who had an LGA infant ran a significantly higher glucose by 0.4–0.7 mmol/L (7–13 mg/dL) for 4.5 h/day at baseline; by 0.4–0.9 mmol/L (7–16 mg/dL) for 16 h/day at 24 weeks; and by 0.4–0.7 mmol/L (7–13 mg/dL) for 14 h/day at 34 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS

FDA of temporal glucose profiles gives important information about differences in glucose control and its timing, which are undetectable by standard summary metrics. Women using RT-CGM were able to achieve better daytime glucose control, reducing fetal exposure to maternal glucose.




monitoring

Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: The Basics

Evan M. Benjamin
Jan 1, 2002; 20:
Practical Pointers