Tertullian lived in the ancient city of Carthage in what is now Tunisia, sometime around 200 AD. Very little is known about his life - that little comes either from writers two centuries later, or from the scanty personal notes in his works. Much of it has been asserted to be untrue anyway by some modern writers. He was born a member of the educated classes, and clearly gained a good education. Life in his times wasn't very different in some ways to the modern day - he indulged his passions as he saw fit, including sex, and like everyone else attended the games where gladiators killed each other and criminals were eaten alive, for the enjoyment of the spectators. But among the sights he saw, was that of Christians being executed this way. He was struck with the courage with which stupid and contemptible slave men and little slave girls faced a hideous death, against all nature; and after investigating, became a Christian himself, and turned his budding talents to writing in defense of this despised and victimised group. Tertullian was the first Christian writer to write in Latin, and was described three centuries later as writing 'first, and best, and incomparably', of all the writers to do so. (by the unknown author of 'Praedestinatus'). His writing is aggressive, sarcastic and brilliant, and at points very funny even after 2000 years. He was deeply conscious of his own failings, and had a burning desire for truth and integrity. He was described by Jerome as celebrated in all the churches as a speaker; and his works bear the marks of the need to keep an audience awake! His erudition was immense. Much of what he read is lost, but what remains gives a picture of wide reading, which was celebrated even in antiquity. He wrote a great number of works - how many is unknown. Thirty-one are extant; lists of known lost works are elsewhere on this site; but we have no reason to suppose this to be anything like an exhaustive list. Most of those extant have come down to us by the slenderest of threads, and the very nature of Tertullian's terse and ironic style, means that copyists made many errors, and in some cases his text is beyond certain restoration. Not all of his works were ever completed. His most important work is the Apologeticum, in defense of the Christians. Running it close must be Adversus Praxean, in which the doctrine of the Trinity comes into clear focus for the first time, in response to a heretic who was twisting the biblical balance between the persons of the Godhead. In this work, he created most of the terminology with which this doctrine was to be referred (and is still), such as Trinitas, etc. His discussion of how heretical arguments are in general to be handled in De praescriptio haereticorum also deserves wider recognition. Tertullian wrote no systematic theology; all of his works are brought forth by a local event, a persecution, or a heretic. In his time, the church finally decided to reject a movement calling itself 'The New Prophecy', and known later as Montanism. The New Prophecy made no doctrinal innovations, but said that the Holy Spirit was calling Christians to a more ascetic position. But obeying the prophets inevitably meant a problem, if the bishop did not recognise their authority. Tertullian had grown angry at what looked like compromise creeping into the church - unwillingness to be martyred, willingness to forgive more serious public sins - and aligned himself with the Montanists [it was a prophetic movement that called for a reliance on the spontaneity of the Holy Spirit and a more conservative personal ethic. Parallels have been drawn between Montanism and modern day movements such as Pentecostalism and the charismatic movement - wiki.com]. It is unclear whether this involved actually leaving the church, but his later works are avowedly Montanist, and one or two explictly attack the mainstream church on these points. As such he was not recognised as a Saint, despite his orthodoxy, and his works were all marked as condemned in the 6th Century Decretum Gelasianum. His later life is unknown, and we do not know if he was martyred or died of old age as Jerome says.

U4SSC - Snapshot - Bizerte, Tunisia

U4SSC - Factsheet - Bizerte, Tunisia

U4SSC - Verification Report - Bizerte, Tunisia

Location: Law Electronic Resource- 

The Great Mosque, in all its majestic grandeur, is less enticing if you're an American woman who somehow finds herself inside it.

Jun 5, 2024

The war in Gaza has accelerated a major shift in Tunisia’s foreign policy. One of the first Arab countries to advocate for a two-state solution, Tunisia has now abandoned it. That shift has left Tunisia more isolated geopolitically, prompting it to now court Iran, China, and Russia.

New York : Columbia University Press, [2020]

1 Ugandan Shilling = 0.0008 Tunisian Dinar

1 Salvadoran Colon = 0.3328 Tunisian Dinar

1 Romanian Leu = 0.654 Tunisian Dinar

1 Ukrainian Hryvnia = 0.1085 Tunisian Dinar

1 Tanzanian Shilling = 0.0013 Tunisian Dinar

1 Venezuelan Bolivar Fuerte = 0.2916 Tunisian Dinar

1 Yemeni Rial = 0.0116 Tunisian Dinar

1 Paraguayan Guarani = 0.0004 Tunisian Dinar

1 Hong Kong Dollar = 0.375 Tunisian Dinar

1 Kuwaiti Dinar = 9.4149 Tunisian Dinar

1 Saudi Riyal = 0.7754 Tunisian Dinar

1 Tunisian Dinar = 408.5837 Iraqi Dinar

1 Tunisian Dinar = 1781.8026 Zambian Kwacha

1 Tunisian Dinar = 6.3007 South African Rand

1 Tunisian Dinar = 85.9657 Yemeni Rial

1 Tunisian Dinar = 207.7253 CFA Franc BCEAO

1 Tunisian Dinar = 8034.5064 Vietnamese Dong

1 Tunisian Dinar = 3.4292 Venezuelan Bolivar Fuerte

1 Tunisian Dinar = 3470.9013 Uzbekistan Som

1 Tunisian Dinar = 14.8119 Uruguayan Peso

1 Tunisian Dinar = 0.3433 US Dollar

1 Tunisian Dinar = 1304.8309 Ugandan Shilling

1 Tunisian Dinar = 9.2149 Ukrainian Hryvnia

1 Tunisian Dinar = 794.5751 Tanzanian Shilling

1 Tunisian Dinar = 10.2506 New Taiwan Dollar

1 Tunisian Dinar = 2.3202 Trinidad and Tobago Dollar

1 Tunisian Dinar = 2.434 Turkish Lira

1 Tunisian Dinar = 10.9941 Thai Baht

1 Tunisian Dinar = 3.0049 Salvadoran Colon

1 Tunisian Dinar = 3385.4077 Sierra Leonean Leone

1 Tunisian Dinar = 7.6244 Slovak Koruna

1 Tunisian Dinar = 0.485 Singapore Dollar

1 Tunisian Dinar = 3.3552 Swedish Krona

1 Tunisian Dinar = 5.8946 Seychellois Rupee

1 Tunisian Dinar = 1.2897 Saudi Riyal

1 Tunisian Dinar = 25.203 Russian Ruble

1 Tunisian Dinar = 37.2378 Serbian Dinar

1 Tunisian Dinar = 1.5291 Romanian Leu

1 Tunisian Dinar = 1.2501 Qatari Rial