1. With more young obese patients, focus now on diabetes reversal  The Times of India
2. Does Diabetes Impact Mental Well-being? 5 Key Insights You Need to Know, According To Doctor  HerZindagi English
3. 86% diabetics in India facing anxiety, depression; women more affected: Report  Gujarat Samachar
4. Diabetes affects mental well-being of more than 4 in 5 Indians living with conditions, IDF survey reveals  The Financial Express
5. Diabetes-related Depression: How to work your way around the two Ds  Mint

Philadelphia – Financial incentives are ineffective at encouraging obese workers to lose weight, according to a study from the University of Pennsylvania.

Where the focus in developing foods and beverages for better weight management once was on sweeteners and calorie cutting, today's weight-management products reflect the protein trend, especially the emphasis on plant proteins.

Although obese employees incur higher direct and indirect costs, the extent of obesity-related costs tends to be lower in some industrial sectors — including healthcare, reports a study in the February Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Dominique Lejeune, MSc, of Groupe d'analyse, Ltée, Montréal, QC, Canada, analyzed variations in the relationship between obesity and healthcare and other employee costs.

Saverio Cinti
Nov 1, 2005; 46:2347-2355
Research Articles

Vitamin D supplements might lower blood pressure in seniors who are obese, reducing their heart health risk, a new study says.

Title: Report: 164 Million Obese Adults by 2030
Category: Health News
Created: 8/26/2011 11:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2011 12:00:00 AM

Title: 'Maintain, Don't Gain' May Work Best for Obese Black Women
Category: Health News
Created: 8/26/2013 4:36:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2013 12:00:00 AM

Title: Study May Explain Why Some Obese People Don't Get Diabetes
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2013 2:35:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 8/28/2013 12:00:00 AM

Report: Majority of Minnesotans Overweight or Obese

According to a new Canadian study morbidly obese patients who have surgery to reduce their stomach size could lower their risk of developing cancer by about 80 per cent.

Marmosets on track for obesity appeared to be more efficient in their feeding behavior. “Although all animals consumed the same amount of liquid, the ones […]

The post Obese marmosets are more developmentally advanced as infants, study shows appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.

Few children who become obese are able to lose and keep off weight with diet and exercise alone.

Strength training for the obese is the first step in taking control of your health. This article provides a positive starting point for strength training for everyone.

BACKGROUND Beige adipose tissue is associated with improved glucose homeostasis in mice. Adipose tissue contains β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-ARs), and this study was intended to determine whether the treatment of obese, insulin-resistant humans with the β3-AR agonist mirabegron, which stimulates beige adipose formation in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SC WAT), would induce other beneficial changes in fat and muscle and improve metabolic homeostasis.METHODS Before and after β3-AR agonist treatment, oral glucose tolerance tests and euglycemic clamps were performed, and histochemical analysis and gene expression profiling were performed on fat and muscle biopsies. PET-CT scans quantified brown adipose tissue volume and activity, and we conducted in vitro studies with primary cultures of differentiated human adipocytes and muscle.RESULTS The clinical effects of mirabegron treatment included improved oral glucose tolerance (P < 0.01), reduced hemoglobin A1c levels (P = 0.01), and improved insulin sensitivity (P = 0.03) and β cell function (P = 0.01). In SC WAT, mirabegron treatment stimulated lipolysis, reduced fibrotic gene expression, and increased alternatively activated macrophages. Subjects with the most SC WAT beiging showed the greatest improvement in β cell function. In skeletal muscle, mirabegron reduced triglycerides, increased the expression of PPARγ coactivator 1 α (PGC1A) (P < 0.05), and increased type I fibers (P < 0.01). Conditioned media from adipocytes treated with mirabegron stimulated muscle fiber PGC1A expression in vitro (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION Mirabegron treatment substantially improved multiple measures of glucose homeostasis in obese, insulin-resistant humans. Since β cells and skeletal muscle do not express β3-ARs, these data suggest that the beiging of SC WAT by mirabegron reduces adipose tissue dysfunction, which enhances muscle oxidative capacity and improves β cell function.TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02919176.FUNDING NIH: DK112282, P30GM127211, DK 71349, and Clinical and Translational science Awards (CTSA) grant UL1TR001998.

This may help explain why the coronavirus has hit the U.S. so hard: Obesity appears to be a risk factor for serious cases of COVID-19.

Could the amount of fat in our body increase complications with Covid-19?

Saverio Cinti
Nov 1, 2005; 46:2347-2355
Research Articles

Glucagon secretion is regulated by circulating glucose, but it has turned out that amino acids also play an important role, and that hepatic amino acid metabolism and glucagon are linked in a mutual feed-back cycle, the liver-alpha cell axis. On this background, we hypothesized that hepatic steatosis might impair glucagon’s action on hepatic amino acid metabolism and lead to hyperaminoacidemia and hyperglucagonemia.

We subjected 15 healthy lean and 15 obese steatotic male participants to a pancreatic clamp with somatostatin and evaluated hepatic glucose and amino acid metabolism during basal and high physiological levels of glucagon. The degree of steatosis was evaluated from liver biopsies.

Total RNA sequencing of liver biopsies revealed perturbations in the expression of genes predominantly involved in amino acid metabolism in the obese steatotic individuals. This group was also characterized by fasting hyperglucagonemia, hyperaminoacidemia and an absent lowering of amino acid levels in response to high levels of glucagon. Endogenous glucose production was similar between lean and obese individuals.

Our results suggest that hepatic steatosis causes resistance to the effect of glucagon on amino acid metabolism resulting in increased amino acid concentrations as well as increased glucagon secretion providing a likely explanation of fatty liver-associated hyperglucagonemia.

Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have favorable cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. However, whether SGLT2i can improve obesity-related cardiac dysfunction is unknown. Sestrin2 is a novel stress-inducible protein that regulates AMPK-mTOR and suppresses oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to determine whether empagliflozin (EMPA) improves obesity-related cardiac dysfunction via regulating Sestrin2-mediated pathways in diet-induced obesity. C57BL/6J mice and Sestrin2 knockout mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then treated with or without EMPA (10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Treating HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice with EMPA reduced body weight, whole-body fat, and improved metabolic disorders. Furthermore, EMPA improved myocardial hypertrophy/fibrosis and cardiac function, and reduced cardiac fat accumulation and mitochondria injury. Additionally, EMPA significantly augmented Sestrin2 levels, increased AMPK and eNOS phosphorylation, but inhibited Akt and mTOR phosphorylation. These beneficial effects were partially attenuated in HFD-fed Sestrin2 knockout mice. Intriguingly, EMPA treatment enhanced the Nrf2/HO-1-mediated oxidative stress response, suggesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, EMPA improved obesity-related cardiac dysfunction via regulating Sestrin2-mediated AMPK-mTOR signaling and maintaining redox homeostasis. These findings provide a novel mechanism for the cardiovascular protection of SGLT2i in obesity.

Luigi Fontana
Apr 1, 2007; 56:1010-1013
Metabolism

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are involved in the development of insulin resistance in obesity. We have recently shown that myeloid cell–specific reduction of HMG-CoA reductase (Hmgcr^m–/m–), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting macrophage migration in mice. We hypothesized that ATMs are harder to accumulate in Hmgcr^m–/m– mice than in control Hmgcr^fl/fl mice in the setting of obesity. To test this hypothesis, we fed Hmgcr^m–/m– and Hmgcr^fl/fl mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks and compared plasma glucose metabolism as well as insulin signaling and histology between the two groups. Myeloid cell–specific reduction of Hmgcr improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity without altering body weight in the HFD-induced obese mice. The improvement was due to a decrease in the number of ATMs. The ATMs were reduced by decreased recruitment of macrophages as a result of their impaired chemotactic activity. These changes were associated with decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissues. Myeloid cell–specific reduction of Hmgcr also attenuated hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, reducing myeloid HMGCR may be a promising strategy to improve insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in obesity.

Joseph G. Yu
Oct 1, 2002; 51:2968-2974
Obesity Studies

Arcangelo Iannuzzi
Oct 1, 2004; 27:2506-2508
Brief Reports

Dario Giugliano
Oct 1, 1993; 16:1387-1390
Short Report

OBJECTIVE

Obesity is associated with microvascular insulin resistance, which is characterized by impaired insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) recruits skeletal and cardiac muscle microvasculature, and this action is preserved in insulin-resistant rodents. We aimed to examine whether GLP-1 recruits microvasculature and improves the action of insulin in obese humans.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the prevalence of cognitive deficits and traditional diabetic complications and the association between metabolic factors and these outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity, but it is unknown if outcomes differ between adults with early- versus adult-onset obesity. We investigated how obesity status at 20 years of age affects outcomes after bariatric surgery later in life.

THE people of Scotland have been offered a “light at the end of the tunnel” in the form of various potential relaxations to lockdown - but warned they will only get there if they double down on their compliance.

Nearly one-third of all US children are overweight or obese, with even higher prevalence among Mexican American children. Overweight and obesity increase systemic inflammation, contributing to increased risk for chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

Obese Mexican American children had concurrent alterations in both inflammatory markers and traditional disease risk markers, relative to healthy weight children. Our results provide evidence partially explaining the health disparity for disease in Mexican American children who are overweight/obese. (Read the full article)

Obesity is a risk factor for failure to initiate breastfeeding, formula supplementation, and short breastfeeding duration. There is a need for interventions that can improve the breastfeeding outcomes of overweight and obese women.

Breastfeeding peer counseling targeting overweight/obese women did not affect exclusive breastfeeding rates or breastfeeding continuation beyond 2 weeks. However, the intervention was associated with improvements in early breastfeeding intensity and fewer infant hospitalizations in the first 6 months after birth. (Read the full article)

Adequate vitamin D is essential for skeletal health in developing children. Although excess body weight is associated with risk of vitamin D deficiency, the national prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in overweight and obese children is unknown.

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in overweight and obese children, and severely obese and minority children are disproportionately affected. There are many modifiable factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in overweight and obese children. (Read the full article)

Effective interventions are still elusive for the large numbers of children affected by overweight/obesity. The value of targeting physical activity (PA) remains unclear because its predictive relationship with improved BMI is still surprisingly poorly quantified.

In overweight and mildly obese children presenting to primary care, 3-year changes in PA (especially the moderate-vigorous component) predicted BMI outcomes. However, the effect was small, possibly explaining the disappointing BMI outcomes of brief primary care interventions targeting PA. (Read the full article)

Obesity is a growing concern for Mexican-American adolescents, with both behavioral and cultural variables that are related to the increasing trend.

These results highlight a patient-centered view of the emotional and physical burden of obesity in female Mexican-American adolescents, the families’ personal struggles with weight-related conditions, and the challenge of balancing family needs with those specific to the adolescent. (Read the full article)

Obesity is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. However, a proportion of overweight and obese youth remain free from cardiometabolic risk factors and are considered metabolically healthy.

This study provides insight into the determinants of cardiometabolic risk factors and the concept in health promotion of "fitness versus fatness." Hepatic lipid accumulation and not fitness level appears to drive cardiometabolic risk factor clustering among overweight and obese youth. (Read the full article)

Adolescent obesity is characterized by endothelial dysfunction at the macrovascular and microvascular level; high endothelial microparticle (EMP) and low endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) counts contribute to these processes. Although reversal of macrovascular endothelial dysfunction is feasible, clinical evidence regarding microvascular endothelial dysfunction is scarce.

Ten months of diet and exercise training improves microvascular endothelial function (peak response) in obese adolescents. EPC and EMP displayed a biphasic response, with an increase in EPC at 5 months and a decrease in EMP at the end of the treatment. (Read the full article)

Nearly a fifth of America’s youth are severely overweight, the latest national data shows. The trend only got worse with millions idling indoors under Covid-19 lockdowns – even as the same policies propel food shortages in the US.
Read Full Article at RT.com

Nearly 1 in 5 U.S. kids are obese, according to the latest national data.

Title: More Than 4 in 10 Americans Are Now Obese: CDC
Category: Health News
Created: 2/27/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 2/27/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Weight-Loss Surgery Works, No Matter How Long Patient Was Obese
Category: Health News
Created: 2/28/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 3/2/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: OTC Drugs May Work Differently in Obese Kids
Category: Health News
Created: 4/27/2010 6:10:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 4/28/2010 12:00:00 AM

Title: Doctors Feel Less Connected to Obese Patients, Study Suggests
Category: Health News
Created: 4/26/2013 2:36:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2013 12:00:00 AM

Title: Men Who Are Obese While Young Can Pay a Price Later
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2013 8:35:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2013 12:00:00 AM

Title: For Obese People, Commuting by Car Can Be a Killer: Study
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Blood Vessels of Obese Teens Age Prematurely
Category: Health News
Created: 5/7/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/8/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Bacteria May Be a Player in Diabetes Among Very Obese
Category: Health News
Created: 3/12/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 3/13/2020 12:00:00 AM

Jing Wen, Tingbei Bo, Xueying Zhang, Zuoxin Wang, and Dehua Wang

Ambient temperature and food composition can affect energy metabolism of the host. Thermal transient receptor potential (thermo-TRPs) ion channels can detect temperature signals and are involved in the regulation of thermogenesis and energy homeostasis. Further, the gut microbiota has also been implicated in thermogenesis and obesity. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that thermo-TRPs and gut microbiota are involved in reducing diet-induced obesity (DIO) during low temperature exposure. C57BL/6J mice in obese (body mass gain >45%), lean (body mass gain <15%), and control (body mass gain<1%) groups were exposed to high (23±1°C) or low (4±1°C) ambient temperature for 28 days. Our data showed that low temperature exposure attenuated DIO, but enhanced brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Low temperature exposure also resulted in increased norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in the hypothalamus, decreased TRP melastatin 8 (TRPM8) expression in the small intestine, and altered composition and diversity of gut microbiota. In DIO mice, there was a decrease in overall energy intake along with a reduction in TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) expression and an increase in NE concentration in the small intestine. DIO mice also showed increases in Oscillospira, [Ruminococcus], Lactococcus, and Christensenella and decreases in Prevotella, Odoribacter, and Lactobacillus at the genus level in fecal samples. Together, our data suggest that thermos-TRPs and gut microbiota are involved in thermogenesis and energy metabolism during low temperature exposure in DIO mice.

Obese Europeans who are treated with cholesterol lowering drugs have not only lower values of blood LDL cholesterol and markers of inflammation but in addition a more healthy gut bacteria profile than those obese who are not prescribed statins.

Obese people with coronavirus are more at risk of dying, one of the UK's leading scientists has said.