NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite measured cloud top temperatures as it passed over Tropical Storm Malakas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean and found strong storms.

read more

The antitumor effect of cardiotonic steroids (CTS) has stimulated the search for new methods to evaluate both kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of their binding to Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature). We propose a real-time assay based on a chromogenic substrate for phosphatase activity (pNPPase activity), using only two concentrations with an inhibitory progression curve, to obtain the association rate (k_on), dissociation rate (k_off), and equilibrium (K_i) constants of CTS for the structure-kinetics relationship in drug screening. We show that changing conditions (from ATPase to pNPPase activity) resulted in an increase of K_i of the cardenolides digitoxigenin, essentially due to a reduction of k_on. In contrast, the K_i of the structurally related bufadienolide bufalin increased much less due to the reduction of its k_off partially compensating the decrease of its k_on. When evaluating the kinetics of 15 natural and semisynthetic CTS, we observed that both k_on and k_off correlated with K_i (Spearman test), suggesting that differences in potency depend on variations of both k_on and k_off. A rhamnose in C3 of the steroidal nucleus enhanced the inhibitory potency by a reduction of k_off rather than an increase of k_on. Raising the temperature did not alter the k_off of digitoxin, generating a H (k_off) of –10.4 ± 4.3 kJ/mol, suggesting a complex dissociation mechanism. Based on a simple and inexpensive methodology, we determined the values of k_on, k_off, and K_i of the CTS and provided original kinetics and thermodynamics differences between CTS that could help the design of new compounds.

મેઘાલય વિધાનસભા ચૂંટણીમાં કોઇ પણ પાર્ટીને બહુમત નથી મળ્યો. રાજ્યમાં ત્રિશંકુ વિધાનસભાની સ્થિતિના લીધે એનપીપીની સાથે યૂડીપી અને પીડીએફના ગઠબંધન વાળી સરકાર અંહી બનાવાનુ નક્કી છે રવિવારે ભારે ચર્ચા વિચારણા બાદ એનપીપીએ તેની જાહેરાત કરી હતી રાજ્યમાં સૌથી મોટી પાર્ટી એનપીપી

The adoption of the NPPF’s positive policy for the exploration and extraction of on-shore oil and gas in the NPPF will have to considered afresh by the Government. The policy was challenged on behalf of an organisation known as Talk Fracking. ...

The synchronisation coincided with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's three-day visit to Russia.

Online Resource

The workers at the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project are demanding that they be sent back to their hometowns in other States; stone pelting injured two police personnel