During his “Closer Look” segment on Wednesday night, Seth Meyers commented on President-elect Donald Trump’s Cabinet picks for several key roles, including Fox News host and Army National Guard veteran Pete Hegseth leading the Department of Defense. “While Biden’s looking for ways to accommodate Trump, Trump’s looking for ways to tear down everything Biden did. […]

The post Naturalistic Study of Ketamine in the Treatment of Depression was curated by information for practice.

The post A Ketamine-assisted Group Therapy Intervention for Spanish-speaking Adults With Depression was curated by information for practice.

Danilo De Gregorio
Feb 3, 2021; 41:891-900
Symposium and Mini-Symposium

Ketamine is a glutamate receptor antagonist that was developed over 50 years ago as an anesthetic agent. At subanesthetic doses, ketamine and some metabolites are analgesics and fast-acting antidepressants, presumably through targets other than glutamate receptors. We tested ketamine and its metabolites for activity as allosteric modulators of opioid receptors expressed as recombinant receptors in heterologous systems and with native receptors in rodent brain; signaling was examined by measuring GTP binding, β-arrestin recruitment, MAPK activation, and neurotransmitter release. Although micromolar concentrations of ketamine alone had weak agonist activity at μ opioid receptors, the combination of submicromolar concentrations of ketamine with endogenous opioid peptides produced robust synergistic responses with statistically significant increases in efficacies. All three opioid receptors (μ, , and ) showed synergism with submicromolar concentrations of ketamine and either methionine-enkephalin (Met-enk), leucine-enkephalin (Leu-enk), and/or dynorphin A17 (Dyn A17), albeit the extent of synergy was variable between receptors and peptides. S-ketamine exhibited higher modulatory effects compared with R-ketamine or racemic ketamine, with ~100% increase in efficacy. Importantly, the ketamine metabolite 6-hydroxynorketamine showed robust allosteric modulatory activity at μ opioid receptors; this metabolite is known to have analgesic and antidepressant activity but does not bind to glutamate receptors. Ketamine enhanced potency and efficacy of Met-enkephalin signaling both in mouse midbrain membranes and in rat ventral tegmental area neurons as determined by electrophysiology recordings in brain slices. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that some of the therapeutic effects of ketamine and its metabolites are mediated by directly engaging the endogenous opioid system.

Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association Publishing, [2024]

Sean Spencer is a pretty successful entrepreneur in LA's startup community but he also struggles with depression. He and many others use ketamine to help with their lows.