Just months after the Supreme Court limited abortion access, infant mortality rates rose significantly higher, according to a new study.

Mizoram has registered a 10 per cent drop in Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in 2019-20 fiscal, making it to the second spot in the country after Nagaland. State health minister R Lalthangliana said the IMR has dropped from 15 per cent to 5 per cent (per 1000 live births), citing the latest Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin. With 10-point drop in IMR in 2019-20, Mizoram is the best-performing state in the country, he said. Over the past three years, the state has achieved 27- point drop in IMR. The minister attributed the achievement to efforts of healthcare workers and support of people. Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan had on Saturday congratulated Mizoram and Lalthangliana on the achievement. The state had recorded 21 per cent IMR in 2016-2017, with 405 infants dying before attaining the age of one. During 2017-18, it fell to 20 per cent, and the following year to 15 per cent. According to Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin released recently, Nagaland tops ..

Vijayan said while the national average for IMR was 32 per 1,000 births, the state has only seven.

The State’s IMR has been on the decreasing trend.

Birth defects are associated with preterm birth and are a major contributor to infant mortality. There are persistent black-white differences in overall infant mortality and infant mortality attributable to birth defects.

Among infants delivered at 37 to 44 weeks, blacks and Hispanics had significantly higher neonatal and postneonatal mortality attributable to birth defects than whites. Among infants delivered at 20 to 33 or 34 to 36 weeks, neonatal mortality attributable to birth defects was significantly lower among blacks. (Read the full article)

Reductions in infant mortality in the 20th century have not continued. Racial and socioeconomic inequalities in both infant mortality and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) persist. Rates of infant mortality in English-speaking countries are higher than the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average.

At least 16.4% of SIDS and 3.4% of infant deaths not classified as SIDS are attributable to maternal alcohol use. Maternal alcohol-use disorder increases the risk of infant mortality through direct effects on the fetus and indirectly through environmental risk factors. (Read the full article)

Infant and neonatal mortality rates in the United States decreased markedly during the twentieth century but have not decreased notably during recent years. There has been an increase in preterm and low birth weight births in recent years.

The lack of decrease in infant and neonatal mortality rates in recent years is due in large part to the increasing proportion of preterm and low birth weight infants, particularly infants <500 g. (Read the full article)

Sleeping on a sofa increases the risk of sudden and unexpected infant death.

Infant deaths on sofas are associated with nonsupine placement, being found in side position, surface sharing, changing sleep location, and experiencing prenatal tobacco exposure. These results may help explain why sofa sleeping is hazardous for infants. (Read the full article)

Few studies have established the protective efficacy of 1 to 3 primary doses of diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis (DTwP)/diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines against pertussis, hospitalization, or pertussis complications in infants. However, vaccine effectiveness against infant pertussis death has not been previously reported.

This is the first study to report the protective role of ≥1 DTwP/DTaP doses among vaccine-eligible infants aged ≥6 weeks against death, hospitalization, and complications from pertussis. It describes risk markers for death among vaccine-ineligible infants aged <6 weeks. (Read the full article)

Medicaid made substantial investments in enhanced prenatal and postnatal care programs to address maternal and infant health, including infant mortality. Evaluations of population-based programs are few, and although some have reported reductions in infant mortality, they have methodological limitations.

A population-based home visitation program can be a successful approach to reduce infant mortality. The reduced risk of infant death is consistent with previous findings on the effects of the program on health care utilization and birth outcomes. (Read the full article)

Czech Development Agency

While as late as 1990 the WHO reported 116 deaths for every 1,000 births in Cambodia, the situation has now improved fourfold. This is credited to a Czech Development Agency project through which health care equipment and neonatal tools, including incubators, were provided to the Pediatric Hospital in Phnom Penh.

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Jammu and Kashmir has been able to achieve "remarkable improvement" in multiple indicators related to maternal and child health in recent years, with a decline in infant mortality rate (IMR), an official spokesman said. The IMR has been reduced from 52 (2005) to 22 (2018), according to the latest data released by the Registrar General of India in the SRS bulletin on Friday. "The current national average of infant mortality rate stands at 32 much higher than that of J-K," the spokesman said. "The entire Health and Medical Education Department with active support from the National Health Mission (NHM) has put in strenuous efforts to provide essential newborn care at government health institutions across the Union Territory," Atal Dulloo, the financial commissioner in Health and Medical Education Department, said. Special newborn care units (SNCUs) have been established in 27 districts and other equivalent hospitals, three NICUs, newborn stabilisation units (NBSUs) and newborn care ...

To further decrease the infant mortality rate in the Union Territory to single digit by 2022, an action plan has been developed which is being implemented at various levels, a spokesman said.

Figure falls to 7, as against the UN-set target of 8 for 2020

SAVING FUTURE: The medical practitioner saYS 50-70 per cent of deaths take place within one month of birth