cognitive function

Role of the STING->IRF3 Pathway in Ambient GABA Homeostasis and Cognitive Function

Targeting altered expression and/or activity of GABA (-aminobutyric acid) transporters (GATs) provide therapeutic benefit for age-related impairments, including cognitive dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of GATs are unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) upregulates GAT1 and GAT3 expression in the brain, which resulted in cognitive dysfunction. Genetic and pharmacological intervention of STING suppressed the expression of both GAT1 and GAT3, increased the ambient GABA concentration, and therefore, enhanced tonic GABAA inhibition of principal hippocampal neurons, resulting in spatial learning and working memory deficits in mice in a type I interferon-independent manner. Stimulation of the STING->GAT pathway efficiently restored cognitive dysfunction in STING-deficient mice models. Our study uncovered for the first time that the STING signaling pathway regulates GAT expression in a cell autonomous manner and therefore could be a novel target for GABAergic cognitive deficits.




cognitive function

Ergothioneine improves cognitive function by ameliorating mitochondrial damage and decreasing neuroinflammation in a D-galactose-induced aging model

Food Funct., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4FO02321H, Paper
Fangyang Chen, Botao Wang, Xin Sun, Yage Wang, Ruiyan Wang, Kaikai Li
EGT intervention significantly improved D-galactose induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial function, resulting in the alleviation of memory injury.
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cognitive function

Dispositional optimism and cognitive functioning following traumatic brain injury

The association of dispositional optimism with health-related factors has been well established in several clinical populations, but little is known about the role of optimism in recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Given the high prevalence of cognitive complaints after TBI, the present study examined the association between optimism and cognitive functioning after TBI.




cognitive function

Severe Hypoglycemia and Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: The Study of Longevity in Diabetes (SOLID)

OBJECTIVE

In children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), severe hypoglycemia (SH) is associated with poorer cognition, but the association of SH with cognitive function in late life is unknown. Given the increasing life expectancy in people with T1D, understanding the role of SH in brain health is crucial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We examined the association between SH and cognitive function in 718 older adults with T1D from the Study of Longevity in Diabetes (SOLID). Subjects self-reported recent SH (previous 12 months) and lifetime history of SH resulting in inpatient/emergency department utilization. Global and domain-specific cognition (language, executive function, episodic memory, and simple attention) were assessed. The associations of SH with cognitive function and impaired cognition were evaluated via linear and logistic regression models, respectively.

RESULTS

Thirty-two percent of participants (mean age 67.2 years) reported recent SH and 50% reported lifetime SH. Compared with those with no SH, subjects with a recent SH history had significantly lower global cognition scores. Domain-specific analyses revealed significantly lower scores on language, executive function, and episodic memory with recent SH exposure and significantly lower executive function with lifetime SH exposure. Recent SH was associated with impaired global cognition (odds ratio [OR] 3.22, 95% CI 1.30, 7.94) and cognitive impairment on the language domain (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.19, 8.29).

CONCLUSIONS

Among older adults with T1D, recent SH and lifetime SH were associated with worse cognition. Recent SH was associated with impaired global cognition. These findings suggest a deleterious role of SH on the brain health of older patients with T1D and highlight the importance of SH prevention.




cognitive function

Nasal Respiration Entrains Human Limbic Oscillations and Modulates Cognitive Function

Christina Zelano
Dec 7, 2016; 36:12448-12467
Systems/Circuits




cognitive function

Predictors of Cognitive Function and Recovery 10 Years After Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Children

Previous research has demonstrated that young children with traumatic brain injury are at elevated risk of poor outcomes, particularly following severe injuries. These deficits persist until at least 5 years postinsult. Factors predicting outcomes in this age group have not been established.

This study follows survivors of very early traumatic brain injury into adolescence. Results indicate that severe injury is associated with poorest outcome, but after 3 years, the gap between children with severe traumatic brain injury and peers stabilizes. (Read the full article)




cognitive function

Long-term Differences in Language and Cognitive Function After Childhood Exposure to Anesthesia

Immature animals exposed to anesthetics display apoptotic neurodegeneration and long-term cognitive deficiencies. In children, studies of cognitive deficits associated with anesthesia exposure have yielded mixed results. No studies to date have used directly administered neuropsychological assessments as outcome measures.

This study examines the association between exposure to anesthesia in children under age 3 and deficits at age 10 by using a battery of directly administered neuropsychological assessments, with deficits found in language and abstract reasoning associated with exposure. (Read the full article)




cognitive function

Working Memory Training Improves Cognitive Function in VLBW Preschoolers

Preterm born children have cognitive problems that include deficits in working memory. Computer-based working memory training has been reported to improve cognitive function in children.

A computer-based working memory training program designed for preschoolers seems effective in very low birth weight children, not only on working memory tasks, but also by having a generalizing effect regarding memory and learning. (Read the full article)




cognitive function

Preterm Cognitive Function Into Adulthood

Children born very preterm (VP) or with very low birth weight (VLBW) are at risk for cognitive deficits and low IQ in childhood. Recent evidence indicates that IQ discrepancies between VP/VLBW and term-born individuals are still found in adulthood.

Development of cognitive function is more stable for VP/VLBW than term-born individuals from infancy into adulthood and can be predicted fairly well from age 20 months onward. However, when adults with cognitive impairment are excluded, group differences in stability disappear. (Read the full article)




cognitive function

Poor Predictive Validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development for Cognitive Function of Extremely Low Birth Weight Children at School Age

Maureen Hack
Aug 1, 2005; 116:333-341
ARTICLES




cognitive function

Mediterranean Diet Helps Preserve Cognitive Function

Mediterranean-rich diet was found to correlate with higher cognitive function, said researchers at the National Eye Institute (NEI), part of the National




cognitive function

Eating fish boosts cognitive functions





cognitive function

The influence of anxiety and depression on cognitive functioning in Parkinson's disease




cognitive function

The influence of apathy and depression on cognitive functioning in Parkinson's disease




cognitive function

How does mobility change over time for older adults, and how are changes influenced by cognitive functioning?