2001 CIA Reading Room cia-rdp83-00415r007200120005-3: AUSTRIAN MAPS By archive.org Published On :: Thu, 14 Nov 2024 09:03:43 GMT No Description.This item belongs to: texts/godaneinbox.This item has files of the following types: Archive BitTorrent, Image Container PDF, Metadata Full Article texts/godaneinbox
2001 CIA Reading Room cia-rdp83-01034r000200150016-7: H. R. 3979 By archive.org Published On :: Thu, 14 Nov 2024 09:04:04 GMT Approved For RqL se 2006/08/29: CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150016-7 80TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION He R. 3979 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JUNE 25,1947 Mr. HOFrMAN introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Corn- mittee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments A BILL To promote the nation....This item belongs to: texts/godaneinbox.This item has files of the following types: Archive BitTorrent, Image Container PDF, Metadata Full Article texts/godaneinbox
2001 News24 | Ramaphosa issued 50% of SIU proclamations since 2001, R1.4bn recovered so far in 2024 By www.news24.com Published On :: Wednesday Nov 13 2024 18:03:28 Since taking office in 2018, President Cyril Ramaphosa has issued 135 proclamations letting loose the Special Investigating Unit on state agencies and departments mismanaging taxpayer money. Full Article
2001 The Jesus Walk 2012 Holy Week 10 Day Timeline Devotion - The 12th Annual (Started in 2001) 10 Day Jesus Walk Easter Timeline Devotion - It will change your life! -- Friday March 30th ---> Easter Sunday April 8th, 2012 (PDF Available) By www.basicchristian.org Published On :: An Ancient Holy Week Timeline, Bible Study, Devotional & Personal Journal for Easter Week 2012. ... Follow along with Jesus in the current Resurrection (Easter) holiday dates of 2012 during the last Ten days leading up to and including His Cross and His Glorious Resurrection. It also marvelously explains and demonstrates that Jesus did indeed die and remain deceased for a total of 3 days and 3 nights and that He then Resurrected' returned from death' just as He prophesied that He would. This is a Personal Study-Journal encouraging the reader to include their own devotions during this 10 day journey with Jesus. ... It will change your life! Full Article - Basic Christian Christian Study
2001 2001 GMC Jimmy SLE from North America By www.carsurvey.org Published On :: If newer vehicles weren't so expensive I wouldn't be tolerating this one Full Article
2001 Honda CBR929RR Fireblade Parts List Manual 2000 2001.pdf By www.tradebit.com Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 04:35:33 -0600 Professional Quality: Parts Manual, Parts List, Parts Catalog With Exploded Diagrams. *Contains manufactures part numbers and diagrams for EVERY ... Full Article
2001 2001 :: Boom Time: New Economy, Technology Dominate By www.sdmmag.com Published On :: Tue, 09 Dec 2003 00:00:00 -0500 The good times kept rolling along last year, with revenues by security dealer firms hitting $18.1 billion. In 2000, the bread-and-butter burglar and fire alarm business once again grabbed lion’s Full Article
2001 ‘A very sensitive Rwandan woman’: sexual violence, history, and gendered narratives in the trial of Pauline Nyiramasuhuko at the international criminal tribunal for Rwanda, 2001-2011 By ifp.nyu.edu Published On :: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 21:17:47 +0000 Volume 32, Issue 7, December 2023. Read the full article › The post ‘A very sensitive Rwandan woman’: sexual violence, history, and gendered narratives in the trial of Pauline Nyiramasuhuko at the international criminal tribunal for Rwanda, 2001-2011 was curated by information for practice. Full Article History
2001 The changing geography of homelessness in Australia (2001–21) and its structural drivers By ifp.nyu.edu Published On :: Sun, 03 Nov 2024 01:14:51 +0000 The post The changing geography of homelessness in Australia (2001–21) and its structural drivers was curated by information for practice. Full Article Grey Literature
2001 Opening Statement by Alice P. Gast for Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBIs Investigation of the 2001 Anthrax Letters Public Briefing By Published On :: Tue, 22 Apr 2008 05:00:00 GMT Good morning. I am Dr. Alice Gast and I am here today with Dr. David Relman as the chair and vice chair of the Committee on the Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI’s Investigation of the 2001 Bacillus anthracis Mailings. Full Article
2001 Science Alone Does Not Establish Source of Anthrax Used in 2001 Mailings By Published On :: Tue, 15 Feb 2011 06:00:00 GMT A National Research Council committee asked to examine the scientific approaches used and conclusions reached by the Federal Bureau of Investigation during its investigation of the 2001 Bacillus anthracis mailings has determined that it is not possible to reach a definitive conclusion about the origins of the anthrax in letters mailed to New York City and Washington, D.C., based solely on the available scientific evidence. Full Article
2001 Punyam Academy has Announced to Launch In-demand E-Learning Course on AI Management System - ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Lead Auditor Training By www.24-7pressrelease.com Published On :: Tue, 09 Jul 2024 08:00:00 GMT Punyam Academy is thrilled to offer a new, highly anticipated ISO 42001 Lead Auditor training. The course offers comprehensive guidance on planning and carrying out ISO 42001 audits of companies AIMS. It is based on the most recent ISO Standards. Full Article
2001 Globalmanagergroup.com Added One More Feather by Launching ISO 42001 Documents for Artificial Management System By www.24-7pressrelease.com Published On :: Mon, 01 Jul 2024 08:00:00 GMT Globalmanagergroup.com is excited to launch its ISO/IEC 42001 Documentation kit for Artificial Intelligence Management System. The ISO/IEC 42001 documents kit contains more than 150 editable files which addresses all the requirements of AI. Full Article
2001 Punyam Academy is Thrilled to Launched ISO 42001 Lead Implementer Training Course for Artificial Intelligence Management By www.24-7pressrelease.com Published On :: Tue, 01 Oct 2024 08:00:00 GMT Aimed at empowering professionals to implement ISO 42001 standards, this course focuses on managing risks, ensuring transparency, and promoting ethical use of artificial intelligence in organizations. Full Article
2001 Punyam Academy is Happy to Introduce an E-Learning Course on ISO 42001 Internal Auditor Training for AI Management System By www.24-7pressrelease.com Published On :: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 08:00:00 GMT Punyam Academy Launches New E-learning Course on ISO 42001 AI Management System Auditing. Gain the skills to effectively audit and improve AI systems within your organization. Full Article
2001 Institutional Web Management Workshop 2001: Organising Chaos (2001) By www.ukoln.ac.uk Published On :: IWMW 5: Institutional Web Management Workshop: Organising Chaos, held at Queen's University Belfast on 25-27 June 2001 Full Article
2001 25 Years of Stories: A Look Back at 2001 By play.prx.org Published On :: Fri, 28 Oct 2022 04:00:00 -0000 On this week’s episode, we take a look back at 2001. We’ll hear a story from a firefighter who worked on 9/11, and we’ll explore how stories helped people connect to each other in the weeks after the tragedy. This episode is hosted by George Green and Meg Bowles. Storyteller: Keith Young Full Article mothshorts
2001 [ E.161 (2001) Amendment 1 (06/14) ] - New Annex A: Arrangement of digits, Korean character set and symbols By www.itu.int Published On :: Thu, 14 Aug 2014 14:09:00 GMT New Annex A: Arrangement of digits, Korean character set and symbols Full Article
2001 [ P.862 (2001) Corrigendum 2 (03/18) ] - By www.itu.int Published On :: Tue, 08 May 2018 14:39:00 GMT Full Article
2001 Realme Smart SLED 55-inch 4K TV(RMV2001) Review By www.digit.in Published On :: 2023-09-22T13:09:00+05:30 Read the in depth Review of Realme Smart SLED 55-inch 4K TV(RMV2001) TV. Know detailed info about Realme Smart SLED 55-inch 4K TV(RMV2001) configuration, design and performance quality along with pros & cons, Digit rating, verdict based on user opinions/feedback. Full Article TV
2001 CBIC Revises Notification No. 36/2001 with New Tables By www.caclubindia.com Published On :: Sat, 2 Nov 2024 11:03:07 GMT Government of IndiaMinistry of FinanceDepartment of RevenueCentral Board of Indirect Taxes and CustomsNotification No. 73/2024-CUSTOMS (N.T.)New Delhi, 30th October, 202408 Kartika,1946 (SAKA)S.O. . Full Article
2001 Gangster Chhota Rajan gets bail in 2001 hotelier murder case By www.thehindu.com Published On :: Wed, 23 Oct 2024 12:13:57 +0530 Rajan filed an appeal in the HC against the conviction. He sought that the sentence be suspended and he be granted bail in the interim Full Article Mumbai
2001 Oui, mais... (2001) / written and directed by Yves Lavandier [DVD]. By encore.st-andrews.ac.uk Published On :: [Belgium] : FEV Films de l'Elysée Vidéo, [2005?] Full Article
2001 Laissez-passer (2001) / written and directed by Bertrand Tavernier [DVD]. By encore.st-andrews.ac.uk Published On :: [U.K.] : Artificial Eye, [2003] Full Article
2001 The firebird ; & Les noces (2001) / directed by Ross MacGibbon [DVD]. By encore.st-andrews.ac.uk Published On :: [U.K.] : BBC ; Opus Arte, [2002] Full Article
2001 The accountant (2001) / starring, written and directed by Ray McKinnon [DVD]. By encore.st-andrews.ac.uk Published On :: [Universal City, California] : Vivendi Visual Entertainment, [2009] Full Article
2001 2001 International Conferences on Info-tech and Info-net. Proceedings [electronic journal]. By encore.st-andrews.ac.uk Published On :: IEEE Computer Society Full Article
2001 Litigant withdraws PIL seeking revival of 2001 flyover construction scam case against T.N. CM Stalin By www.thehindu.com Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 12:17:53 +0530 The Madras High Court also permits him to withdraw ₹1 lakh deposited in April this year to prove his bona fide intention Full Article Tamil Nadu
2001 The real history behind science fiction’s ‘2001: A Space Odyssey’ By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 09 May 2018 13:05:15 +0000 When “2001: A Space Odyssey” premiered April 2, 1968 at Washington, D.C.’s Uptown Theater—not far from the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum—not everyone was […] The post The real history behind science fiction’s ‘2001: A Space Odyssey’ appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Art History & Culture Science & Nature Space National Air and Space Museum
2001 Smithsonian conservators open 2001 Jim Thorpe Wheaties Box from the Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 27 Jun 2012 14:16:21 +0000 The post Smithsonian conservators open 2001 Jim Thorpe Wheaties Box from the Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Video
2001 Opening Statement by Alice P. Gast for Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBIs Investigation of the 2001 Anthrax Letters Public Briefing By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 22 Apr 2008 05:00:00 GMT Good morning. I am Dr. Alice Gast and I am here today with Dr. David Relman as the chair and vice chair of the Committee on the Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI’s Investigation of the 2001 Bacillus anthracis Mailings. Full Article
2001 Science Alone Does Not Establish Source of Anthrax Used in 2001 Mailings By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 15 Feb 2011 06:00:00 GMT A National Research Council committee asked to examine the scientific approaches used and conclusions reached by the Federal Bureau of Investigation during its investigation of the 2001 Bacillus anthracis mailings has determined that it is not possible to reach a definitive conclusion about the origins of the anthrax in letters mailed to New York City and Washington, D.C., based solely on the available scientific evidence. Full Article
2001 California's forest resources, 2001-2005: five-year Forest Inventory and Analysis report. By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Mon, 08 Dec 2008 08:00:00 PST This report highlights key findings from the most recent (2001-2005) data collected by the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program across all forest land in California. Full Article
2001 Oregon's forest resources, 2001-2005: five-year Forest Inventory and Analysis report. By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Mon, 08 Dec 2008 08:00:00 PST This report highlights key findings from the most recent (2001-2005) data collected by the Pacific Northwest Forest Inventory and Analysis (PNW-FIA) Program across all ownerships in Oregon. Full Article
2001 Climate Change, Carbon, and Forestry in Northwestern North America: Proceedings of a Workshop November 14 - 15, 2001 Orcas Island, Washington By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Fri, 07 Nov 2008 08:00:00 PST Interactions between forests, climatic change and the Earths carbon cycle are complex and represent a challenge for forest managers - they are integral to the sustainable management of forests. In this volume, a number of papers are presented that describe some of the complex relationships between climate, the global carbon cycle and forests. Full Article
2001 California’s forest resources: Forest Inventory and Analysis, 2001–2010. By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Thur, 03 Mar 2016 9:55:00 PST This report highlights key findings from the most recent (2001–2010) data collected by the Forest Inventory and Analysis program across all forest land in California, updating previously published findings from data collected from 2001 through 2005 (Christensen et al. 2008). Full Article
2001 Oregon’s Forest Resources, 2001–2010: Ten-Year Forest Inventory and Analysis Report. By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Mon, 13 Nov 2017 08:00:00 PST This report highlights key findings from a comprehensive vegetation survey of all forested land across the state of Oregon. A total of 5,180 forested field plots in Oregon were visited by Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) crews over a 10-year period from 2001 to 2010. Oregon has 30 million acres of forest, covering nearly half the state. The structure and composition of Oregon’s forests differ considerably across the state, particularly east versus west of the Cascade Range. Western Oregon forests are dominated by higher productivity classes (85 to 224 cubic feet per acre annual growth) and are composed of Douglas-fir and western hemlock, while forests in the east typically exhibit lower productivity (0 to 84 cubic feet per acre annual growth) and are composed of ponderosa pine, western juniper, and lodgepole pine. The Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management administer the majority of forested land in Oregon; these public forests managed by federal agencies tend to have older, larger trees. Private owners, both corporate and noncorporate, own nearly half of the forested land in western Oregon, particularly in areas of high productivity. Understory vegetation in Oregon forests is more abundant in younger, moist forests. Non-native species are present in many of Oregon’s forests, most notably cheatgrass in the east and Himalayan blackberry in the west. This report includes estimates of forest growth, removals, and mortality for ownership groups across the state. The FIA program will continue to revisit and remeasure all the field plots over 10 years to report on changes in Oregon’s forest resources. Full Article
2001 Stationary Gaussian Free Fields Coupled with Stochastic Log-Gases via Multiple SLEs. (arXiv:2001.03079v3 [math.PR] UPDATED) By arxiv.org Published On :: Miller and Sheffield introduced a notion of an imaginary surface as an equivalence class of pairs of simply connected proper subdomains of $mathbb{C}$ and Gaussian free fields (GFFs) on them under conformal equivalence. They considered the situation in which the conformal transformations are given by a chordal Schramm--Loewner evolution (SLE). In the present paper, we construct processes of GFF on $mathbb{H}$ (the upper half-plane) and $mathbb{O}$ (the first orthant of $mathbb{C}$) by coupling zero-boundary GFFs on these domains with stochastic log-gases defined on parts of boundaries of the domains, $mathbb{R}$ and $mathbb{R}_+$, called the Dyson model and the Bru--Wishart process, respectively, using multiple SLEs evolving in time. We prove that the obtained processes of GFF are stationary. The stationarity defines an equivalence relation between GFFs, and the pairs of time-evolutionary domains and stationary processes of GFF will be regarded as generalizations of the imaginary surfaces studied by Miller and Sheffield. Full Article
2001 EMSx: A Numerical Benchmark for Energy Management Systems. (arXiv:2001.00450v2 [math.OC] UPDATED) By arxiv.org Published On :: Inserting renewable energy in the electric grid in a decentralized manneris a key challenge of the energy transition. However, at local scale, both production and demand display erratic behavior, which makes it delicate to match them. It is the goal of Energy Management Systems (EMS) to achieve such balance at least cost. We present EMSx, a numerical benchmark for testing control algorithms for the management of electric microgrids equipped with a photovoltaic unit and an energy storage system. EMSx is made of three key components: the EMSx dataset, provided by Schneider Electric, contains a diverse pool of realistic microgrids with a rich collection of historical observations and forecasts; the EMSx mathematical framework is an explicit description of the assessment of electric microgrid control techniques and algorithms; the EMSx software EMSx.jl is a package, implemented in the Julia language, which enables to easily implement a microgrid controller and to test it. All components of the benchmark are publicly available, so that other researchers willing to test controllers on EMSx may reproduce experiments easily. Eventually, we showcase the results of standard microgrid control methods, including Model Predictive Control, Open Loop Feedback Control and Stochastic Dynamic Programming. Full Article
2001 A memory of motion for visual predictive control tasks. (arXiv:2001.11759v3 [cs.RO] UPDATED) By arxiv.org Published On :: This paper addresses the problem of efficiently achieving visual predictive control tasks. To this end, a memory of motion, containing a set of trajectories built off-line, is used for leveraging precomputation and dealing with difficult visual tasks. Standard regression techniques, such as k-nearest neighbors and Gaussian process regression, are used to query the memory and provide on-line a warm-start and a way point to the control optimization process. The proposed technique allows the control scheme to achieve high performance and, at the same time, keep the computational time limited. Simulation and experimental results, carried out with a 7-axis manipulator, show the effectiveness of the approach. Full Article
2001 Continuous speech separation: dataset and analysis. (arXiv:2001.11482v3 [cs.SD] UPDATED) By arxiv.org Published On :: This paper describes a dataset and protocols for evaluating continuous speech separation algorithms. Most prior studies on speech separation use pre-segmented signals of artificially mixed speech utterances which are mostly emph{fully} overlapped, and the algorithms are evaluated based on signal-to-distortion ratio or similar performance metrics. However, in natural conversations, a speech signal is continuous, containing both overlapped and overlap-free components. In addition, the signal-based metrics have very weak correlations with automatic speech recognition (ASR) accuracy. We think that not only does this make it hard to assess the practical relevance of the tested algorithms, it also hinders researchers from developing systems that can be readily applied to real scenarios. In this paper, we define continuous speech separation (CSS) as a task of generating a set of non-overlapped speech signals from a extit{continuous} audio stream that contains multiple utterances that are emph{partially} overlapped by a varying degree. A new real recorded dataset, called LibriCSS, is derived from LibriSpeech by concatenating the corpus utterances to simulate a conversation and capturing the audio replays with far-field microphones. A Kaldi-based ASR evaluation protocol is also established by using a well-trained multi-conditional acoustic model. By using this dataset, several aspects of a recently proposed speaker-independent CSS algorithm are investigated. The dataset and evaluation scripts are available to facilitate the research in this direction. Full Article
2001 Evolutionary Dynamics of Higher-Order Interactions. (arXiv:2001.10313v2 [physics.soc-ph] UPDATED) By arxiv.org Published On :: We live and cooperate in networks. However, links in networks only allow for pairwise interactions, thus making the framework suitable for dyadic games, but not for games that are played in groups of more than two players. To remedy this, we introduce higher-order interactions, where a link can connect more than two individuals, and study their evolutionary dynamics. We first consider a public goods game on a uniform hypergraph, showing that it corresponds to the replicator dynamics in the well-mixed limit, and providing an exact theoretical foundation to study cooperation in networked groups. We also extend the analysis to heterogeneous hypergraphs that describe interactions of groups of different sizes and characterize the evolution of cooperation in such cases. Finally, we apply our new formulation to study the nature of group dynamics in real systems, showing how to extract the actual dependence of the synergy factor on the size of a group from real-world collaboration data in science and technology. Our work is a first step towards the implementation of new actions to boost cooperation in social groups. Full Article
2001 A Real-Time Approach for Chance-Constrained Motion Planning with Dynamic Obstacles. (arXiv:2001.08012v2 [cs.RO] UPDATED) By arxiv.org Published On :: Uncertain dynamic obstacles, such as pedestrians or vehicles, pose a major challenge for optimal robot navigation with safety guarantees. Previous work on motion planning has followed two main strategies to provide a safe bound on an obstacle's space: a polyhedron, such as a cuboid, or a nonlinear differentiable surface, such as an ellipsoid. The former approach relies on disjunctive programming, which has a relatively high computational cost that grows exponentially with the number of obstacles. The latter approach needs to be linearized locally to find a tractable evaluation of the chance constraints, which dramatically reduces the remaining free space and leads to over-conservative trajectories or even unfeasibility. In this work, we present a hybrid approach that eludes the pitfalls of both strategies while maintaining the original safety guarantees. The key idea consists in obtaining a safe differentiable approximation for the disjunctive chance constraints bounding the obstacles. The resulting nonlinear optimization problem is free of chance constraint linearization and disjunctive programming, and therefore, it can be efficiently solved to meet fast real-time requirements with multiple obstacles. We validate our approach through mathematical proof, simulation and real experiments with an aerial robot using nonlinear model predictive control to avoid pedestrians. Full Article
2001 Provenance for the Description Logic ELHr. (arXiv:2001.07541v2 [cs.LO] UPDATED) By arxiv.org Published On :: We address the problem of handling provenance information in ELHr ontologies. We consider a setting recently introduced for ontology-based data access, based on semirings and extending classical data provenance, in which ontology axioms are annotated with provenance tokens. A consequence inherits the provenance of the axioms involved in deriving it, yielding a provenance polynomial as an annotation. We analyse the semantics for the ELHr case and show that the presence of conjunctions poses various difficulties for handling provenance, some of which are mitigated by assuming multiplicative idempotency of the semiring. Under this assumption, we study three problems: ontology completion with provenance, computing the set of relevant axioms for a consequence, and query answering. Full Article
2001 Hardware Implementation of Neural Self-Interference Cancellation. (arXiv:2001.04543v2 [eess.SP] UPDATED) By arxiv.org Published On :: In-band full-duplex systems can transmit and receive information simultaneously on the same frequency band. However, due to the strong self-interference caused by the transmitter to its own receiver, the use of non-linear digital self-interference cancellation is essential. In this work, we describe a hardware architecture for a neural network-based non-linear self-interference (SI) canceller and we compare it with our own hardware implementation of a conventional polynomial based SI canceller. In particular, we present implementation results for a shallow and a deep neural network SI canceller as well as for a polynomial SI canceller. Our results show that the deep neural network canceller achieves a hardware efficiency of up to $312.8$ Msamples/s/mm$^2$ and an energy efficiency of up to $0.9$ nJ/sample, which is $2.1 imes$ and $2 imes$ better than the polynomial SI canceller, respectively. These results show that NN-based methods applied to communications are not only useful from a performance perspective, but can also be a very effective means to reduce the implementation complexity. Full Article
2001 Maximal Closed Set and Half-Space Separations in Finite Closure Systems. (arXiv:2001.04417v2 [cs.AI] UPDATED) By arxiv.org Published On :: Several problems of artificial intelligence, such as predictive learning, formal concept analysis or inductive logic programming, can be viewed as a special case of half-space separation in abstract closure systems over finite ground sets. For the typical scenario that the closure system is given via a closure operator, we show that the half-space separation problem is NP-complete. As a first approach to overcome this negative result, we relax the problem to maximal closed set separation, give a greedy algorithm solving this problem with a linear number of closure operator calls, and show that this bound is sharp. For a second direction, we consider Kakutani closure systems and prove that they are algorithmically characterized by the greedy algorithm. As a first special case of the general problem setting, we consider Kakutani closure systems over graphs, generalize a fundamental characterization result based on the Pasch axiom to graph structured partitioning of finite sets, and give a sufficient condition for this kind of closures systems in terms of graph minors. For a second case, we then focus on closure systems over finite lattices, give an improved adaptation of the greedy algorithm for this special case, and present two applications concerning formal concept and subsumption lattices. We also report some experimental results to demonstrate the practical usefulness of our algorithm. Full Article
2001 Games Where You Can Play Optimally with Arena-Independent Finite Memory. (arXiv:2001.03894v2 [cs.GT] UPDATED) By arxiv.org Published On :: For decades, two-player (antagonistic) games on graphs have been a framework of choice for many important problems in theoretical computer science. A notorious one is controller synthesis, which can be rephrased through the game-theoretic metaphor as the quest for a winning strategy of the system in a game against its antagonistic environment. Depending on the specification, optimal strategies might be simple or quite complex, for example having to use (possibly infinite) memory. Hence, research strives to understand which settings allow for simple strategies. In 2005, Gimbert and Zielonka provided a complete characterization of preference relations (a formal framework to model specifications and game objectives) that admit memoryless optimal strategies for both players. In the last fifteen years however, practical applications have driven the community toward games with complex or multiple objectives, where memory -- finite or infinite -- is almost always required. Despite much effort, the exact frontiers of the class of preference relations that admit finite-memory optimal strategies still elude us. In this work, we establish a complete characterization of preference relations that admit optimal strategies using arena-independent finite memory, generalizing the work of Gimbert and Zielonka to the finite-memory case. We also prove an equivalent to their celebrated corollary of great practical interest: if both players have optimal (arena-independent-)finite-memory strategies in all one-player games, then it is also the case in all two-player games. Finally, we pinpoint the boundaries of our results with regard to the literature: our work completely covers the case of arena-independent memory (e.g., multiple parity objectives, lower- and upper-bounded energy objectives), and paves the way to the arena-dependent case (e.g., multiple lower-bounded energy objectives). Full Article