Modifying bacteria found in the guts of bees could help protect the insects against lethal infections affecting hives worldwide

Although substantial progress has been made in depicting the molecular pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, the comprehensive mechanism of HIV-1 latency and the most promising therapeutic strategies to effectively reactivate the HIV-1 latent reservoir to achieve a functional cure for AIDS remain to be systematically illuminated. Here, we demonstrated that piwi (P element-induced Wimpy)-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 4 (PIWIL4) played an important role in suppressing HIV-1 transcription and contributed to the latency state in HIV-1-infected cells through its recruitment of various suppressive factors, including heterochromatin protein 1α/β/, SETDB1, and HDAC4. The knockdown of PIWIL4 enhanced HIV-1 transcription and reversed HIV-1 latency in both HIV-1 latently infected Jurkat T cells and primary CD4⁺ T lymphocytes and resting CD4⁺ T lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected individuals on suppressive combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Furthermore, in the absence of PIWIL4, HIV-1 latently infected Jurkat T cells were more sensitive to reactivation with vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, or SAHA), JQ1, or prostratin. These findings indicated that PIWIL4 promotes HIV-1 latency by imposing repressive marks at the HIV-1 5' long terminal repeat. Thus, the manipulation of PIWIL4 could be a novel strategy for developing promising latency-reversing agents (LRAs).

IMPORTANCE HIV-1 latency is systematically modulated by host factors and viral proteins. During this process, the suppression of HIV-1 transcription plays an essential role in promoting HIV-1 latency. In this study, we found that PIWIL4 repressed HIV-1 promoter activity and maintained HIV-1 latency. In particular, we report that PIWIL4 can regulate gene expression through its association with the suppressive activity of HDAC4. Therefore, we have identified a new function for PIWIL4: it is not only a suppressor of endogenous retrotransposons but also plays an important role in inhibiting transcription and leading to latent infection of HIV-1, a well-known exogenous retrovirus. Our results also indicate a novel therapeutic target to reactivate the HIV-1 latent reservoir.

Isoprene has the highest emission into Earth’s atmosphere of any nonmethane hydrocarbon. Atmospheric processing of alkenes, including isoprene, via ozonolysis leads to the formation of zwitterionic reactive intermediates, known as Criegee intermediates (CIs). Direct studies have revealed that reactions involving simple CIs can significantly impact the tropospheric oxidizing capacity, enhance...

In Arabidopsis, LTR retrotransposons are activated by mutations in the chromatin gene DECREASE in DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1), giving rise to 21- to 22-nt epigenetically activated siRNA (easiRNA) that depend on RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6). We purified virus-like particles (VLPs) from ddm1 and ddm1rdr6 mutants in which genomic RNA is reverse transcribed into complementary DNA. High-throughput short-read and long-read sequencing of VLP DNA (VLP DNA-seq) revealed a comprehensive catalog of active LTR retrotransposons without the need for mapping transposition, as well as independent of genomic copy number. Linear replication intermediates of the functionally intact COPIA element EVADE revealed multiple central polypurine tracts (cPPTs), a feature shared with HIV in which cPPTs promote nuclear localization. For one member of the ATCOPIA52 subfamily (SISYPHUS), cPPT intermediates were not observed, but abundant circular DNA indicated transposon "suicide" by auto-integration within the VLP. easiRNA targeted EVADE genomic RNA, polysome association of GYPSY (ATHILA) subgenomic RNA, and transcription via histone H3 lysine-9 dimethylation. VLP DNA-seq provides a comprehensive landscape of LTR retrotransposons and their control at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and reverse transcriptional levels.

The hypothetical Planet 9 has been bandied about for several years, first mentioned in 2014, but researchers have yet to find it. Now, a well-known theoretical physicist believes we could find the mysterious object using "laser-launched spacecraft."

npj Microgravity, Published online: 16 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41526-020-0099-7

Finally, three months after its elections, Italy has produced a new creature in the political biosphere: a “populist but technocratic” government. What we will be watching is not really the result of a Frankenstein experiment, rather something closer to a genetically modified organism. Such a pairing is probably something unheard of in history: Into a…

Retro Report revisits the Flavr Savr, the first genetically engineered food to hit American grocery stores.

Researchers in the UK are using genetic engineering to fight the bird flu epidemic.

But more than that, the film is a love story about cooking and gardening -- and the importance of regaining control over where our food comes from.

The move comes as a result of a petition from Greenpeace Southeast Asia, which asserts that GM crops can cause serious health issues.

Following anti-Monsanto activism in other countries, Poland has announced plans to completely ban the growth of Monsanto’s genetically modified strain MON810.

Of pharmaceutical products, health care products packaging theory , there are several aspects of the law we need to , inter alia: 1 , generate new theory of pharmaceutical products , not only to consider the psychological factors of...

This study analyses the economic rent generated by the exploitation of a non-renewable resource, and the taxation of this rent.

Men may carry the BRCA2 gene, a mutation that also causes breast cancer. Those men should be identified and given blood tests every year, scientists at the Institute of Cancer Research in London said.

Monroe County residents have backed a proposal to release a lab-developed group of mosquitoes designed to infect the Zika-carrying mosquito population with a fatal disease.

Lobbyists for agri-business interests will promote their agenda, naturally, but we must judge the merit of introducing more GE crops in India ourselves. Common sense, and all the data that is open to scrutiny, suggests that we should not, says P V Satheesh.

Cham : Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.

[S.l.] : SPRINGER NATURE, 2019.

Online Resource

Conference on The Responsibilities of Non-State Actors in International Law (2013 : Richmond, B.C.)

Daniels, Rick (Associate professor), author

Online Resource

Online Resource

Croucher, Stephen Michael, 1978-

Hayden Library - QH505.L397 2019

Online Resource

When hosting a party where genetically modified foods are what’s for dinner, is it proper etiquette to warn your GMO-averse friends ahead of time? Mr. Know-It-All offers sage advice on how to handle.

Legendary paleontologist Jack Horner—the real-life inspiration behind original “Jurassic Park” protagonist Alan Grant—explains how they conceived the genetically modified dino, Indominus rex, in the new film “Jurassic World."

Hayden Library - GV1469.34.V56 G73 2014