Turkey’s economy will grow stronger in the coming years, but remains overly dependent on domestic consumption funded by foreign finance, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Turkey.

Turkey is a significant and geopolitically critical economy. Its companies, like those from many other countries, operate in corruption-prone sectors and countries. In spite of this, only 10 allegations have come to the attention of Turkish authorities since foreign bribery became an offence in Turkey in 2003.

This publication highlights new evidence on policies to support job creation, bringing together the latest research on labour market, entrepreneurship and local economic development policy to help governments support job creation in the recovery. It also includes a set of country pages featuring, among other things, new data on skills supply and demand at the level of smaller OECD regions (TL3).

The tax burden in Turkey increased by 1.7 percentage points from 27.6% to 29.3% in 2013. The OECD average was an increase of 0.4 percentage points from 33.7% to 34.1%. The Turkish standard VAT rate is 18%, which is below the OECD average. The average VAT/GST standard rate in the OECD was 19.1% on 1 January 2014.

Mr. Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD, was in Istanbul on 9-10 February 2015 to attend the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting.

Going for Growth 2015: Key findings for Turkey

OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría has sent letters to the President and Prime Minister of Turkey expressing his condolences and those of all OECD staff following the deadly attacks that took place in Ankara on Saturday.

Turkey, an OECD member country, has endured several attacks in recent times. Each of these deeds is an offense to our collective freedoms, values and way of living. We categorically condemn these terrible acts.

Turkey’s economy has proven remarkably resilient in the face of a challenging global economic context. However, further action can be taken to raise productivity and advance the shift to a more balanced, sustainable and stronger growth path that will boost living standards for the entire population, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Turkey.

The Secretary-General presented the 2016 OECD Economic Survey of Turkey and visited the refugee camp of Nizip. Mr. Gurría also held meetings with Turkish high officials and representatives of local businesses.

This country note provides an environmental tax and carbon pricing profile for Turkey. It shows environmentally related tax revenues, taxes on energy use and effective carbon rates.

This country note presents student performance in science, reading and mathematics, and measures equity in education in Turkey. The interactive charts allow you to compare results with other countries participating in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).

OECD Secretary General Angel Gurría has condemned the terrorist attack that took place in Istanbul during the New Year celebrations, transmitting his support to President Erdoğan and the people of Turkey.

Unemployment in Turkey has been on an upward trajectory since 2012 and it has now peaked at nearly 11.7% (February 2017). This is in sharp contrast with the OECD average, which has been falling steadily and has now reached 5.9%.

This note presents selected country highlights from the OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017 with a specific focus on digital trends among all themes covered.

This note presents marginal effective tax rates (METRs) that summarise the tax system’s impact on the incentives to make an additional investment in a particular type of savings. By comparing METRs on different types of household savings, we can gain insights into which assets or savings types receive the most favourable treatment from the tax system.

This country note for Turkey provides detail on the proportion of CO2 emissions from energy use subject to different effective carbon rates (ECR), as well as on the level and components of average ECRs in each of the six economic sectors (road transport, off-road transport, industry, agriculture and fishing, residential & commercial, and electricity).

The digital revolution, globalisation and demographic changes are transforming labour markets at a time when policy makers are also struggling with slow productivity and wage growth and high levels of income inequality. The new OECD Jobs Strategy provides a comprehensive framework and policy recommendations to help countries address these challenges.

Turkey will see its greenhouse gas emissions continue their steady rise of recent years without concrete actions to improve energy efficiency and increase the use of renewable energy sources, according to a new OECD report.

This country note explains how Turkey taxes energy use. The note shows the distribution of effective energy tax rates across all domestic energy use. It also details the country-specific assumptions made when calculating effective energy tax rates and matching tax rates to the corresponding energy base.

The tax-to-GDP ratio in Turkey decreased by 0.5 percentage points from 24.9% in 2017 to 24.4% in 2018. The corresponding figure for the OECD average was a slight increase of 0.1 percentage point from 34.2% to 34.3% over the same period.

This note presents selected findings based on the set of well-being indicators published in How's Life? 2020.

The tax wedge for the average single worker in Turkey decreased by 0.1 percentage points from 39.2 in 2018 to 39.1 in 2019. The OECD average tax wedge in 2019 was 36.0 (2018, 36.1). In 2019 Turkey had the 16th highest tax wedge among the 36 OECD member countries, compared with the 17th in 2018.

This brochure describes the multiple domains where the OECD is engaged in fighting corruption and boosting integrity. It relates how the CleanGovBiz initiative is drawing together for the first time these anti-corruption tools under a single umbrella.

On 17 July 2012, the OECD Council adopted a Recommendation on Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement, which together with the Guidelines, will help sensitise governments to assess their public procurement laws and practices at all levels in order to promote more effective procurement and reduce the risk of bid rigging in public tenders.

This publication catalogues national practices that illustrate implementation of aspects or elements of competitive neutrality and highlights examples of challenges that may be encountered.

The Netherlands, as other OECD countries, faces the challenge of providing high quality health and long term care services to an ageing population in a cost-efficient manner.

The Netherlands has strongly benefited from globalisation, which boosted international trade, cross-border investment and economic growth over the latest decades.

This report considers the key findings from a survey on international co-operation jointly carried out by the OECD and the International Competition Network.

This report considers the key findings from a survey on International Co-operation jointly carried out by the OECD Competition Division and the International Competition Network (ICN) in 2012.

Even if efficiencies and efficiency claims have been vigorously discussed for decades, they have rarely turned out to be decisive in competition proceedings. Still, their role in competition law has recently gained greater prominence, as witnessed by a number of recent merger decisions in different jurisdictions. This publication reviews the findings from a roundtable discussion held in October 2012.

This publication assesses the impact of previous competition law and policy reviews in nine Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama and Peru. This report was discussed during the 2012 annual meeting of the OECD-IDB Latin American Competition Forum held in the Dominican Republic.

This document contains the proceedings of a Roundtable on Vertical Restraints for On-line Sales held in the February 2013 session of the OECD Competition Committee. Discussions reviewed recent country experiences focusing on how e-commerce affects competition and what are the main vertical restraints competition issues.

Strong competition is an optimizer for our economies. First of all, it is the best catalyst to increase our productivity. This is because a strong competition framework generates the right incentives to attract the most efficient firms into our markets.

The OECD welcomes the initiative by the Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS) to organise reverse auctions for the procurement of medicines. This is a further step forward in the fight against collusion in public procurement and the latest in a series of improvements in procurement by IMSS that have already saved the taxpayer billions of pesos.

This document compiles the material discussed in a competition policy roundtable on quality in competition analysis, including a summary of the discussion, country contributions, a background note and expert contribution on how quality factors are handled under U.S. law in the litigated assessment of the competitive effects of resale price maintenance.

Improving France’s competitiveness is essential to boost the economic growth needed to create jobs and allow citizens and businesses to develop their full potential, according to a new OECD report.

This report documents procurement regulations and practices in Mexico's State's Employees' Social Security and Social Services Institute(ISSSTE) and makes policy recommendations in key procurement areas.

This document compiles the material discussed in a competition policy roundtable on road fuel, including a summary of the discussion, country contributions and a background note that discusses the main determinants of gasoline prices and highlights relevant competition features of the markets for road fuel along the supply chain.

We understand how much Greek society has endured these past six years. Reform isn’t easy at the best of times, but it can be even more challenging in the face of a weak economy while at the same time trying to correct a budget deficit. But all crises come to an end. Growth does return. Now is the time to maintain the momentum of Greece’s reform drive, said OECD Secretary-General.

An 11-month investigation by the OECD in cooperation with the Greek authorities has identified a wide range of regulations and legal provisions that undermine competition.

Romania's competition system underwent a peer review of its laws and regulations at the 2014 Global Forum on Competition on 27-28 February 2014. Following this, the report was released at a launch event in Bucharest on 8 April 2014.

This document is a guide prepared for competition authorities to help them assess the expected impact of their activities. It provides a simple and easily-applicable methodology for determining the likely benefits that consumers will derive from the agencies’ decisions as well as suggestions on how to present the results of the assessment to ensure that these are correctly interpreted.

Merger control constitutes an essential component of an effective competition system. This in-depth study of Chile’s merger control regime assesses the main existing issues in the current system and provides suggestions for improvement based on OECD and international standards.

Globalisation has brought a much more international dimension to competition law. This paper presents evidence of the complexity of co-operation between competition agencies and the likely challenges they will encounter in the future to enforce competition law and co-operate effectively.

The President of the French Republic, Mr. François Hollande, met the Heads of five international economic organisations at the OECD on Friday 17th October to discuss the challenges facing the global economy.

‌International co-operation in competition law enforcement is at the core of the OECD competition-related work. Prepared by the OECD Competition Committee, this inventory focuses mainly on fifteen bilateral comprehensive government-to-government co-operation agreements where at least one of the signatories is an OECD country.

Costa Rica's competition system underwent a peer review of its laws and regulations at the 2014 Latin American Competition Forum on 16-17 September 2014. The report was launched in San José on 4 December 2014 and provides a through insight into the current strengths and weakness of the Costa Rican competition regime.

This report documents procurement regulations and practices in Mexico's main electricity company (Comisión Federal de Electricidad) and makes policy recommendations in key procurement areas.

This OECD report presents market studies practices in the six Latin America countries and provides areas for improvement on how to improve their legal and institutional set-up based on competition agencies’ practices.